LAKHER GRAMMAR & DICTIONARY AROHTUHPA REV. FRED W. SAVIDGE NATA A VIASAPA REV. J.H. LORRAIN THÂTIH CHYUPA

- VL. Thakima Chozah

Biehmia

Hla phituhpa ta ‘Khazoh hmo paryhzie no-âhchhih’ a vaw tahpa hawhta Abeipa ta Mara chizy kyh maniah pachâna nata a chyhsazy hmâpa ta eima chipho châta hmoto zydua maniah â vaw chhuahnoh chhielie khai hana ziezy he ei y zuata pachâ tyh na ta. A rônah hleikhô ta, Abeipa ta Mara chiphozy kyh maniah pachâna nata chhihthana ziezy he chyhsapa pachâna ta a pha leipa ta, âthu ta, asâh ta, no-âhchhihpa tlai a châ. Mara chizy hnohta abyhnâ sôhpa maniah piepazy he sâkha sâkha ta reipati sihla, alyna awpa sai a châ thlâh haw.

Khizaw zohna, hmahsiena ta atlô papha mâh leipa râh liata eima charei thlâh ha chyna daihti liana khata eima pahrâna khizaw notla râh lâchhâh (Europe) liata cha khizaw kaoki zydua liata thâtihpha bie pahnosa khai ha awpa ta achhuahnohna nata apatohtiana thata ama vaw hnei lichih no a châ. Cha hleikhôpa ta British sawhkhâ lochona daihti châ ta, khizaw zydua liata ama biehneina râh (Empire) ama pakawh laih lymâna daihti chhao a châ hra. Atlâhpipa ta British sawhkhâ avaona râh pakawhna nata Missionary nahzy ta thâtihpha chhopa ta râh ama pakawh laihna he khâchâ apakaohpa nata azaona athu kawpa a châ. Chavâta, ama chakaona chhao athatlô ngaita kawpa a châ. He hawhpa daihti liana heta keimo Mara râh chhao British sawhkhâ ryureina ry liata vaw y tua pi ta, cha hnoh lâta Krizyhna nata Khazohpa thâtihpha bie chhao eima vaw pahno pazi pâ laih ha hrapa a châ.

Abeipa Khazohpa ta Mara chizy pi chipho hawhta eimâ duah papua thei hrana awpa ta keimo ta eima pahnothai hlâ tawhna khata Mongyuh chyhsazy hmâpa ta hmoto zydua maniah avaw chhuady chhieliepa khai ha ta. Chazy hry liata Mara chizy châta hriatuh rônahpazy cha- Rev. R.A. Lorrain nah nôvah, Rev. J.H. Lorrain nata Rev. Fred W. Savidge zy ama châ. Tahmâ ta eima rei awpa he khizaw avaw y tawhta Mara chizy reih cheipa i.e. Mara Reih thâtih, chhichâna nata a hmâdâh dopa âchuna châbu pitlohpa ta a vaw chhuahnoh tuachai tuhpa Rev. Fred W. Savidge nata a chakao lâhpa Rev. J.H. Lorrain thâtih tlâhpipa eima pahno theipa rakhazy rei eimâ chhuah awpa a châ aw. Fred W. Savidge thâtih ngâlâh dei châ leipa ta a hrialâhpa nata chakao lâhpa Rev. J.H. Lorrain ei pahlaopâna chhâpa cha âmo pano he chakaona raihria khoh awpa ta atly eih viapa hawh tlaita âthao dyuna tawhta khâchâ âbaopasupa ta rietheina nata rairuna hluhpi chatôhpa ta Râhzohpa râh liata Khazohpa khihnarâh pakawhna nata thâtihpha bie a vaw chho khoh laih tyhpa châ ei ta, ama thâtih ano eihta ta rei khai thai hmeiseihpa châ leipa ei ta, pachhaih thaipa chhao châ hra veih ei. Chavâta, ama chakaona nata hniehnôh zy he sukha liata reipakaoh laih awpa chi sai a châ thlâh haw. He hawhna heta ama thâtih he achyusia thei chaina hawhta za reih pakawh laih sihla apha ngyu aw.

India râh nata Mizoram amâ vaw ngiana

Rev. Fred W. Savidge nata Rev. J.H. Lorrain zy he Khazohpa thâtihpha chho awpa ta Arthington Aborigines Mission tuapa ta India râh a vaw ngiapa ama châ. London khihpi liata Highgate Road Baptist Awnanopa liata a y khohpa châ ei ta, viasa akhy kawpa ama châ hleikhô ta, râhzohpa chakaona apahâhsa kawpa ama châ. Rev. J.H. Lorrain he India râh a vaw ngia tua ta, Nawh 2, 1890 liata Calcutta khihpi a vaw tlô. Rev. Fred W. Savidge he a hnoh lâta a vaw ngiapa châ ta, Phiapi 1891 liata Culcatta khihpi a vaw tlô hra. Rev. Fred W. Savidge heta aviasapa Rev. J.H. Lorrain he Brahmanbaria, East Bengal (Bangladesh) khih liata â vaw pahlyhpa a châ. He khih tawhna heta ama hrochhôh ta thâtihpha chhopa ta ama chakaona kyh liata hmaokhata ta a hriakhoh laih lymâ ha bâpa ama châ.

Brahmanbaria tawhna heta chakaona awpa râh field vaw patlua-pazuah pathao lymâ ei ta, Bengal râhri lâchhâh liata ypa Tripura Native State râh chhôh lâ angiapa achhuah taraw ei ta; châhrasala ama beipa Maharaja ta vaw pasaih leipa ei ta, angia thei khao veih ei. Mizoram lâ angia awpa ta amâ vaw patohtia heih; anodeikua, adyuhna daihti a châpa vâta charâ a vaw ngia thei hra veih ei. Kô kha hlei tlai ama hâ tawhta Mizoram lâ angia pasaina târi 26th Di 1893 liata ama vaw hmô. Chatanachata, târi 11th Nawh 1894 liata Mizoram cha ama kaw ngia haw.

Mizoram liata ama chakao ngâhai nona heta âmo atuatuhpa Arthington Aborogines Mission agent Dalmas ta Mizoram cha Welsh Calvinist Methodist zy hnohta chakao pazao awpa ta a vaw hlâ ha ei tahpa pahno ei ta. Chavâta, Welsh Calvinist Methodist ry liata hria pazao awpa ta azâ haw ei ta; châhrasala vaw pasai veih ei. Mizoram ama puasai hlâta Missionary ama kaw tuah hmâ awpa cha khoh ngaita kaw ei ta. Welsh Mission zy ta ama Missionary hmiatuachaipa D.E. Jones ama la tahpa ama pahno pataw nahta Mizoram liata ama y na daihti chhôh ta akhy hmâ awpa ta ahawna ama za tao heih. D.E. Jones he târi 31 Thlazoh 1897 liata Aizawl kaw tlô ta, Rev. Fred W. Savidge nata Rev. J.H. Lorrain zy pahrâna o liata a kaw tlô. Ama râh lâ ama lie hlâta D.E. Jones he thla palih chhôh tlai ‘Orientation training’ ama vaw pie hmâ. Mizoram liata ama y chhôh ta Mizo chizy châta Alphabet zy, ‘A Grammer and Dictionary of the Lushai Language’ tahpa zy ama taopa hleikhô ta Bible zy chhao Lushai reih lâta palie awpa ta ama vaw pathao patô hmâ haw. Kô 1898 Pami thla liata Mizoram he puasaipa ta Mongyuh râh lâ amâ lie lilaw haw.

Râhzohpa chakaona cha bâhsaipa achhuah leipa ei ta, ama hnabei rai apadysa khoh veih ei. Sapa nata thlahpa patlâna chakaona rai a hria awpa ama châpa vâta Tropical râh liata pasana hrizy nata amohôhna zie awpazy cha Livingstone College liata ama vaw chu heih. Chatanachata, âmo amohôhtuh awpa ama viasazy apahruapa ta Assam Pionneer Mission padua ei ta, kô 1899 liana khata India râh lâ ama vaw pangai heih. Arunachal Pradesh liata Sadhiya khih liata y na su awpa Mission Station châta aparyh ei ta, thohna zy hmâpa ta chakaona ama vaw pathao heih. Sadhiya liata ama y nona heta Abor-Miri reih ta Dictionary tao ei ta, Khazohpa bie tho 400 tlai achhapa chhao ama roh hmâ hra. Abor râh liata ama chakao ngâhai nona heta Baptist Mission Society zyta Chittagong Hill Tracts lâchhâh liata ama chakaona râh pakawhpa ta Mizoram chho lâchhâh liata hria awpa khoh ei ta. BMS zy heta Rev. Fred W. Savidge nata Rev. J.H. Lorrain zy he Mizoram liata chakaona rai a vaw hria chiehpa ama châ tahpa ama pahnopa vâta ama hnohta hria awpa ta vaw hrua ei ta. Âmo chhao ta aly kawpa ta ama paryhsa hra. Târi 21 Nawh 1903 liata Abor râh cha puasaipa ta Mizoram lâ a khy ei ta, târi 13 Hmypi 1903 liata Lunglei khih amâ kaw ngia.

Vaili mahpaw uhtapa Rev. J.H. Lorrain nata aviasapa Rev. F.W. Savidge zy he Mizoram ngâlâh dei châ leipa ta Arunachal Pradesh râh liata chhao Pioneer Missionary hmiatuapa châ ei ta. Chahleikhôpa ta Abor-Miri chizy châta Dictionary zy taopa ei ta, chahawhna hrata Lusei chizy châta Alphabet nata Grammer & Dictionary zy a vaw taotuhpa chhao ama châ. Rev. Fred W. Savidge he Mara Alphabet a vaw tao tuachai tuhpa châ ta; anodeikua Mara râh lâ a kaw ngia leipa ta, Mara Alphabet ataopa he Mara chizy hnohta apachu pachhuah hlei leipa vâta hmâ phahnaipa châ vei. A hnoh lâta Lakher Pioneer Missionary Rev. R.A. Lorrain ta kô 1908 liata Mara Alphabet maniah a vaw taopa heih hra. Ano he Mara chizy hnohta a pahrâhpa nata thâtihpha bie achhotuh chaipa châ ta, a alphabet taopa he Siku apaduapazy liata pachupa a châpa vâta âtanoh taihta Vaili mahpaw alphabet taopa he achyhta ngâlâh pananopa ta hmâ pazao lymâpa a châ. Vaili mahpaw ta Mara Alphabet ataona kô liana heta Rev. Savidge châbu rohpa, “A Grammar and Dictionary of the Lakher Language”tahpa cha papuapa a châ haw hra. He châbu he Mizoram chhôh liata châbu pitlohpa papua tuachaipa a châpa hawhta reipa a châ hra.

Rev. J.H. Lorrain

Rev. J.H. Lorrain nah chhôhkha he Mongyuh râh England khihpi London liata khihsapa châ ei ta, ama paw asatuhpa he James Lorrain châ ta, London khihpi liata Postmaster raihriapa a châ. Lorrain nah he unawh papangawh châ ei ta, chapaw saita papalih châ ei ta, ama sietanô he pakhadeipa a châ. Lakher Pioneer Mission Society apaduatuhpa nata hriatuhpa Rev. R.A. Lorrain he ama unawh liata a seihnai chaipa a châ. Ama unawhna moh zy châ:

(i) James Herbert Lorrain.

(ii) Frederick Charles Lorrain.

(iii) Edwin Walter Lorrain.

(iv) Ethel Louse Lorrain.

(v) Reginald Arthur Lorrain.

Ama unawh liata uhthei chaipa James Herbert Lorrain he Mizoram liata thâtihpha bie a vaw ngiakhei tuachaipa châ ta, târi 6th Hmypi, 1870 liata a pihpa a châ. Lakher Pioneer Mission Society paduatuhpa Reginald Arthur Lorrain he ama unawh liata a seihnai chaipa châ ta, târi 10th Khipa, 1880 liata apihpa a châ. Ama unawh hropazy thâtih deikua chahawhta za pahnopa hnei lilâ thei khao ma pi.

Rev.J.H. Lorrain nah unawh he chyhsa riahphapa nata machhyu-mahrâhpa châ ei ta, ama hmotaona nata raihriana liata chyhsa ngâchhihpa ama châ. Chyhsa reikah ahlâ chatlie kawpa nata reih hropa athai thei kawpa ama châ hra. Abeipa Khazohpa ta a hmâ kawpa chhôhkha ama châ tahpa he Rev. J.H. Lorrain nata a uhtapa Rev. R.A. Lorrain zy Râhzohpa chakaona kyh liata ama hrona nata hneina tlokhuh zydua amâ piekhaina nata raihriapasa nahzy tawhna heta hmô theipa a châ.

Rev. R.A. Lorrain he a thyudyuno tawhta chyhsa riahphapa nata a raihriapa liata chyhsa ngâchhihpa châ ta, pheisaih nata Cowboy raih zy chhao a vaw hria ha chiehpa a châ. Pheisaih nata Cowboy raih zy he apahâhkhei chaipa a châpa vâta British ryureina (avaona) râh, notla lâchhâh liata a ypa Canada nata USA râh riethei chhih kawna suzy liata kô palih chhôh tlai a vaw y ha chiehpa a châ. Chyhsa riahphapa nata ngâchhihpa a châpa vâta pheisaih liata a y nona heta British sawhkhâ ta pheisaih palyupalihna asâh kawpa ‘Knighthood’ chhao a vaw pie ha hra. Lakher Pioneer Mission Society paduapa ta Mara râh chhôh liata a chakaona raihriana liata Khazohpa khihnarâh pakawhna nata British Empire châta hriatuh phapa nata ngâchhihpa a châpa vâta Rev. R.A. Lorrain he kô 1937 pa liata British Coronation daihti nona khata British Sawhkhâ ta Civil chyhsazy palyupalihna asâh kawpa ‘Coronation Medal’ piepa a châ heih hra. Alahpinô Maud Louise Lorrain chhao kô 1945 liana khata Kaiser-i-Hind Silver Medal piepa a châ hra.

Ama unawh liata a uhthei chaipa Rev. J.H. Lorrain chhao he a hmotaopa nata raihriapa liata chyhsa siapa nata ngâchhihpa châ hra ta, a satlia daihti nota London Post Office sâkha liata thuaribie paphaotuhpa (telegrapher) rai a vaw hria tyhpa a châ. He hawhta Office liata ngâchhih ngâsâpa nata pahâhkhei ngâsâpa ta rai ahria haino, athyudyu lichih nona heta chô lâ tawhta Abeipa awna ao apahno hapa vâta a raihria haipa he bâhsaipa ta Abeipa thâtihpha chho awpa ta India râh lâ a vaw sie hapa a châ. India râh liata khih sâkha Calcutta a vaw tlô tawhta Brahmanbaria ama tahpa khih nata achheipâh khihzy liata thâtihpha bie a vaw phua tyh.

Kô 1917 liata khizaw adyuhpipa eikhana daihti liata Mizo Labour Corps ama paduapa, maluh 2000 zy German râh adyuh awpa ta France râh lâ asiepazy mohôhtuh awpa ta Young Men Christian Association (YMCA) zyta Rev. J.H. Lorrain he Baptist Mission Society hnohta vaw hiah ei ta. YMCA zyta Rev. J.H. Lorrain cheingei ama vaw hiahna chhâpa cha, ano he chyhsa riahphapa nata ngâchhihpa a châ hleikhô ta Mizo chizy hry liata thâtihpha chho awpa ta kô hluhpi ama hnohta a vaw pahrâ ha chiehpa a châpa vâta Mizo chizy hrozie apahno chai awpa hawhta pachâpa a châpa vâta a châ. Baptist Mission Society zy pasaina nata paryhsana hawhta Rev. J.H. Lorrain chhao he France râh lâ va sie hra ta, thla palih chhôh tlai Mizo Labour Corps maluh 2000 zy he a vaw mohôh ei. He hleikhôpa heta kô 1911 liata Mizoram pôhpalôhpa zydua liata Mawhtâh avaw tlôna daihti liana khata zawpizy cha atheina zydua papuapa ta a vaw bao lymâ hra ei. He a chakaona raihria peimawh kawpa vâna heta British sawhkhâ chhao ta Civil chyhsazy palyupalihna asâh chaipa ‘Kaiser-i-Hind’ first class, ‘Gold Medal’ a vaw hlâpa a châ.

Rev. J.H. Lorrain he achuna lâchhâh liata cha a thâtih chahawh muarua ta za rei awpa nata pahno awpa y lilâ leipa ta, anopa tlai chhao ta athaina (qualification) liata rei awpa a hnei leizie ano atuahtuhpa Baptist Mission Society hyutuhpazy hnoh chhao ta asiahlia kawpa ta a vaw chho hra ei. Châhrasala, a chakaona nata raihriapa liata chyhsa ngâchhihpa nata siapa a châpa vâta Abeipa ta byhnâ pie ngâsâ ta, a raihriana theilâpa mo ta hmôthei lymâpa ta a y tyh. Chavâta, ahrialâhpa nata aviasazy chhao ta Rev. J.H. Lorrain he vaw pasâhsa kaw sai ei ta, Baptist Mission Society liata hyutuhpazy hnohta Rev. J.H. Lorrain he palyupalihna châta Honorary B.A. tlyma, B.Lit. tlyma, M.A. degree tlyma pie awpa ta vaw tlôkhei ei ta. Anodeikua, Rev. J.H. Lorrain heta he hawhta palyupalihna châta ‘degree’ pie awpa he vaw paryhsa thei vei.

Rev. J.H. Lorrain he Arthington Aborigines Mission ta Missionary châta atuapapua hmiatuachaipa pathôhpazy hry liata â hlao papha hrapa châ ta, Arthington Aborigies Mission ry liata a hria khai tawhna heta, kô 1903 tawhta Baptist Mission Society lâta â pasie heih. Baptist Mission Society ry liana heta athina noh taihta bâhsai khao leipa ta thâtihpha chhona rai he ahria pazao lymâ ha bâpa a châ.

Rev. Fred W. Savidge

Frederick William Savidge he Cambridgeshire liata Stretham khih liata târi 3rd Patô 1862 liata a vaw pihpa a châ. A paw he lyutaopa chyhsa hneirôhpa a châ. Ely khih liata King’s School ama tahpa liata châ a chu ta, châ athai thei ngâsâpa a châ. Athaina he B.A., Ph.D., F.S.A. a châ. Pachuna a pie thai kawpa châ ta, chhihthatuhpa châta a pha awpa chyhsa â tlyh thaipa nata apachhuahpanoh thaipa a châpa hawhta reipa a châ hra. Ano he London khihpi liata School sâkha liata pachutuhpa châ ta, he hawhta pachuna rai a hria hai nona heta chô lâ tawhta Abeipa awna ao apahno hapa vâta a raihria haipa bâhsaipa ta Abeipa thâtihpha chho awpa ta India râh lâ a vaw siepa a châ hra. Kô 1903 liata Scottish Church Missionary, Calcutta Girl’s College liata pachutuhpa Miss M. Grant cha lahpinô ta hnei ta, a lahpinô he âvahpa zawzi ta Mizoram chho lâchhâh liata chanô Missionary hmiatuachaipa a châ hra.

Fred W. Savidge he Missionary chakaona raihria awpa ta asie papua hlâta pachutuhpa rai a vaw hria ha chiehpa a châpa vâta Mizoram liata Missionary ta a chakaohna daihti liata chhao a eih viapa ta Education, Literature nata Medical lâchhâh liata maohphaohna a to via chai tyhpa a châ. Primary School nata Middle School ama paduazy amohôhtuh chaipa chhao a châ. Kô 1904 Hmypi liana khata Assam Chief Commissioner ta Mizoram kaw tlyh ta, Chief Commissioner heta F.W. Savidge cha Mizoram chho bia lâchhâh liata Honorary Inspector of School châta a vaw rao. He rai he Missionary tawhta a Retire-na taihta a hria pazao lymâpa a châ. He hleikhôpa heta kô 1911 liata Mizoram pôhpalôhpa zydua liata Mawhtâh avaw tlôna daihti liana khata zawpizy cha atheina zudua papuapa ta a vaw bao lymâ hra ei. He hawhta achuna lâchhâh (education) liata a hriapha hleikhô ta, zawpi zy Mawhtâh vâta niedo awpa ama pavia-pavi chaina daihti liata baotuh phapa a châpa vâta kô 1920 liana khata Chief Commissioner of Assam ta Civil chyhsazy palyupalihna asâh kawpa Silver Medal Kaiser-i-Hind a vaw hlâ hra.

A chakaona liata ngiatlâh a châ kawpa ta ama reipa sâkha cha, ano he chyhsa sovâhpa nata viasa richâhzy apakyh thai kawpa châ ta, ahrialâhpa nata chakao lâhpazy tha apathyu thai kawpa chyhsa a châ. Sasyh angâ leina nata amo pahnaina (inferiority feeling) hneipa apha leizie nata riahpha ngâsâpa ta he hawhpa palôhrupa he tiahpa ângiah ziezy a pachu tyh hleikhô ta, atobina nata hrozie nôchâ phapazy taihta a pachu lymâ tyh ei. Ano he Mizo reih thai pathlah thai hmeiseih leipa ta, he vâna heta a Siku hawtizy hnohta Mongyuh reih hmâh hluh ta. Chavâta, ano hnoh tawhta achu papuapa Siku hawtizy cha Mongyuh reih ama thai hleikhô ta, kyh tohtie liata chhihtuh phapa nata Sawhkhâ rai laipa ahriapa hluhpi ama puapa a châ. He hawhta a châpa vâta Mizo beipa pakha tacha Missionary nah hnohna heta, “Ei khihsaw zydua he nama Siku hawti parohpa châ thei khai ha ei salana ei khoh” a vaw tahpa ngâpa a châ. Assam Chief Commissioner chhao ta Fred W. Savidge ta pachuna a siekheina zie- ‘educational method’ a hmâpa palôhtlâh âchhih zie Siku atlyna report a rohpa liata a vaw pachosapa hrapa a châ.

Fred W. Savidge he kô 1925 liata Missionary chakaona raihriapa cha apahâsai bâ awpa ta Mongyuh râh lâ a sie. Ano he achakaona Mission field, Serkawn, Lunglei liata luh apabu achhuahpa châ ta; anodeikua, ano atuahtuhpa Baptist Mission Scoiety ta ama paryhsa leipa vâta ama râh lâ he a lie pakhua hapa a châ. He hawhta Mission field liata luh apabu pâ awpa ama pasai leipa vâna heta Serkawn liata alei tin kha cha athla liata pabu pâ awpa ta Mongyuh râh lâ he â phao ta. Ama râh a tlô tawhta Zôthlôh (diabetes) pasana hnei ta, kô 1933 liata alahpinô kyh apachâ kawpa ta apahâsai ta, ano chhao cha alahpinô ta â pahâsai tawhta kô reileipa i.e. 26th Thlarâh 1935 liata apahâ ha hra. Serkawn tawhta alei â phaopa cha athlâ liata pabupâpa a châ.

A Grammer and Dictionary of the Lakher Language

Fred W. Savidge nata Rev. J.H. Lorrain zy he ama chakaona awpa râh South Lushai Hills khihpi Lôlei cha Pami 13, 1903 liata ama kaw tlô. Lôlei amâ kaw ngia tawhta a kô pangawhna i.e. 1908 liata khizaw a y chhôhta Mara chizy châta Ryusôhpa a châ zôzaw thlâh habâ awpa, châbu pha kawpa, “A Grammer and Dictionary of the Lakher Language” tahpa Fred W. Savidge rohpa cha zawpizy rei thei awpa ta châbu arotuhpa heta a vaw papua thei haw. He châbu he Allahabad liata ‘The Pioneer Press’ liata kô 1908 liana khata pachhuhsapa châ ta, a papuatuhpa (published) he ano Fred W. Savidge (Author), of the Arthington Mission, Ford Lunglei a châ.

He châbu he tho 230 a chhapa châ ta, he daihti nota Rs. 3/- zuapa a châ. He châbu pachhuhsa tuachaipa he târi 17thChhiepa 1908 liata papuapa a châ. A châbu chhôh liana heta atahmâ thyutliapazy ta eima hmâ lilâ khao leipa Mara reih hluhpi rohpa a châ. Atlâhpipa ta abu chhôh liana heta Mara reih Grammer zy, biereipa yzie hneipa (Useful sentences) zy, Dictionary: Lakher – English nata Dictionary: Mara – English zy rohpa a châ.

Mizoram State chhôh liata châbu uhthei chaipa

INTACH Mizoram Chapter zy ta ama pachhuahpanohpa ‘Conservation & Preservation of Archival Materials: DC Office Lunglei’ Project tahpa mopazi awpa ta INTACH member pano, Dr.J.V.Hluna nata Dr.H.Vanlalhruaia zyta Lunglei D.C. Office liata châhna parohpa, paso tlâh a châ awpazy ama patluah-pazâhna liata ‘A Grammar and Dictionary of the Lakher Language’ tahpa Fred W. Savidge rohpa he hmô papuapa a châ. He châbu hleikhôpa heta châhna peimawhpa hluhpi hmô papupa a châ hra. Cha nahzy cha: Building transfer, Weather, Health & family matters, Medical re-imbursement, M.R.Bills, Mizo National Front Movement (1966-1986), Regrouping of Villages, Weekly confidential, Anti-State Activities, Jhum Control Project, Maintenance, MNF Surrendered List, Inner Line Permit, Trade licences, Household survey, Government circular, Staff meeting, Pension, Scheduled tribe, Village at a glance, Tour of Officers, Foreigner records, Staff training, Housing loan, Peon book, Passport & Visas, Assessment of taxes, Dâh bu, Census, etc. zy a châ. File 47 lâta pachhaihpa châ ta, a zydua ta State Archive Hall, Aizawl liata aphapa ta avao habâ awpa ta pangia khaipa a châ.

INTACH Mizoram Chapter zy ta târi 8th Hmyhpi 2012 liana khata thâtih thiehpa alapakhypazy (Press nahzy) apakyhna hnei ei ta, Mizoram State chhôh liata su peimawhpa zy, châbu parohpa zy nata châhna peimawh zy cha aphapa ta khâsia awpa nata kohki via awpa ângiah zie nata amâ chhuah zie reih ei ta. Mara reih “A Grammar & Dictionary of the Lakher Language” tahpa Fred W. Savidge ta a rohpa, kô 1908 liata Allahabad, the Pioneer Press liata ama chhuhpa nata papuapa cha Mizoram State chhôh liata châbu chhuhpazy (printed) hry liata a uhthei chaipa a châzie INTACH Convener P. Rohmingthanga nata Dr. J.V. Hluna zy heta khata thâtih thiehpa alapakhypazy hnohna heta ama reih.

He châbu he Roland Burrage Dixon (A.B. 1897, Ph.D 1900) of Harvard, Massachusetts, USA ta chalei hra ta, Harvard University, Library of the Peabody Museum hnohta târi 7th Chhiepa 1936 liana khata a vaw pie ei. Harvard University nata Google books zy ahriakhohpa ta châbu hluhpi online ta rei thei awpa ta ama taopazy hry liata ‘A Grammar & Dictionary of the Lakher Language’ tahpa châbu he kô 2007 tawhta pahlaopa châ ha hra ta, Internet a hmâ tyhpazy châta cha archive.org online tawhta rei theipa a châ.

Art & Culture Department, Gov’t of Mizoram hnoh ta châbu hlâ

Indian National Trust for Art & Cultural Heritage (INTACH), Mizoram Chapter zy heta kô 1908 liata Fred W. Savidge châbu rohpa ‘A Grammar and Dictionary of the Lakher Language’ tahpa, Lunglei Deputy Commissioner Office tawhta ama hmô papuapa he târi 20th Thlazoh, 2012 liana khata Art & Culture Minister Puhpa P.C. Zoram Sangliana hnohta Art & Culture Department, Gov’t of Mizoram ta aphapa ta amâ vaw vao awpa ta ama hlâ haw. He ryusôhpa châbu hlâna daihti a hmâna liana heta Art & Culture Minister Puhpa P.C. Zoram Sangliana ta biereina hneih ta. Lusei chizy chhao hmâhta châbu pitlohpa ama vaw hnei mâh hlâta Fred W. Savidge ta Mara chizy châta Mara reih Dictionary châbu pitloh kawpa a vaw tao hapa he rônah a tah zie a reihpapua hra. He châbu hlâna daihti ahmâpa liana heta Puhpa Hiphei, Chairman, MADC zy, Puhpa S. Hiato, Minister, Gov’t of Mizoram zy, Puhpa C. Chawngkunga, INTACH Co-convener nata Puhpa Thanseia, INTACH Secretary zy chhao amâ hlao thei hra.

MADC ta Fred W. Savidge palyupalih

Fred W. Savidge châbu rohpa ‘A Grammar & Dictionary of the Lakher Language’ he a hmia hmô leipa ta kô vâropi â vaw pabu thlâh haw. Library nata Office thokha liata cha he châbu he pasopa châ hra taraw ta; châhrasala ama Library nata Office Book Self liata châbu paki-parai n’awpa châta ngâlâh a vaw pasopa deita ama châ sahlao. Marasaw châthaipa chyhta zyta he châbu he a y tahpa ama châbu reipazy tawhta vaw pahno hra taraw ei ta; châhrasala a châbu chaipa he ahmia hmôpa a y leipa vâta pahno hlao tu vei. He hawhta kô hluhpi a hmia hmôpa y khao leipa cha INTACH Mizoram Chapter zy ta kô 2011 liana khata Lunglei Deputy Commissioner Office liata hmo parohapa nata file parohpazy ama chathliahna liata he châbu he hmô papuapa a châ. He thâtih he pahnopa a châ pataw nahta Art & Culture Department, MADC zy hmahlana zawzi ta he châbu he chhuh chanei (reprint) awpa ta vaw patohtia ei ta. Cha hleikhôpa ta, “Mara Language in the Making: In honour of Rev. F.W. Savidge for his contribution towards Mara Literature” tahpa biepipa hmâpa ta he châbu arohtuhpa Fred W. Savidge atheithlâhna nata palyupalihna daihti eih-hrâhpa cha târi 14th Di 2012 liana khata arôhnah kawpa ta MADC Forest Department, Hall, MADC liata a hmâpa a châ. Pihnô K. Pari ta W. Savidge palyupalihna programme a hmâna liata zawpi a vaw hlaopazy hnohta he hawhna heta a reih. “Âtanoh Fred W. Savidge palyupalihna programme eima hmâna chhâpa cha Marasawzy châta châbu sôh ngaitapa ‘A Grammer and Dictionary of the Lakher Language’ tahpa maniah a rohpa vâta a châ. Mongyuhpa- Mawrâh Baptist Missionary ta he hawhpa châbu maniah a vaw taopa thlâh hapa he Art & Culture Department, MADC ta a rôhnah tah ta, a chô liata eimâ ly hmeiseih. Chavâta a chô liata eimâ lyna palâsana hmotaopa hnôhchaipa châta he palyupalihna daihti he eima pachhuahpanohpa a châ”.

He palyupalihna daihti ahmâna noh liana heta zawpizy châta hmâ phahnaipa a châ theina awpa ta Seminar pachhuahnohpâpa châ ta, Rev. N.C. Vabeilua – ‘Life and Works of F.W.Savidge’, Dr. K. Zohra- ‘Culture’, nata FC. Khihnia & VL. Thakima Chozah- ‘Châbu reipa a peimawhna’ tahpa Seminar paper ama rohpazy achuna nata reipahmaona pha kawpa hneipâpa a châ. He Seminar peper ama rohpazy he a leilô lei n’awpa ta Art & Culture Department, MADC, Siaha zy ta abu ta apha kawpa ta tao ei ta, ama Office Library liata pasopa a châ hra.

Châbu chhuh chanei (Reprint)

Art & Culture Department, MADC zy hmahlana zawzi ta he châbu he chhuh chaneipa (reprint) châ ta. Dominant Publisers & Distributors, Pvt Ltd., New Delhi liata pachhuhsapa a châ. Mizoram liata châbu chhuh tuachaipa nata uhthei chaipa, Mara reih ryusôhpa châbu ‘A Grammar & Dictionary of the Lakher Language’, Fred W. Savidge ta ko 1908 liata a rohpa, Art & Culture Department, MADC zyta ama pachhuhsa chanei heihpa he târi 19thPachawh, 2013 liana khata akhohpazy châta chalei thei awpa ta Puhpa R.T.Zachono, CEM, MADC ta tlâhzawhna (release) a hnei. He châbu tlâhzawhna su he MADC Forest Department, Hall, MADC liata a hmâpa châ ta, Pihnô K.Pari, Art & Culture Officer, MADC Chairperson chhihthana ry liata daihti he a hmâpa a châ. He châbu sôh kawpa he ahneituhpa ‘Copyright’ châna Art & Culture Department, MADC ta ahnei pâ hapa hawhta reipa châ ta, International Standard Book Number (ISBN) zy taihta pataosapa khai hapa a châ. Alypa a châ ngaita kaw. A khohpazy châta he châbu sôh kawpa he Art & Culture Department, MADC Office tawhta Rs. 395/- ta chalei theipa a châ.

Biepachhâna

Mara chizy châta Ryusôhpa a châ zôzaw thlâh habâ awpa, châbu pha kawpa, “A Grammer and Dictionary of the Lakher Language” tahpa Fred W. Savidge tah a vaw rohpa he aki chochâ leipa ta, adokyh khai thai vei hrasala, keimo Mara chizy châta cha chihropazy hmiahkô liata apalaikhei âchhih hmeiseih. Khizaw kaoki liata Mara chizy maniah achaluah-chadâhtuhpa nata maniah apalâhâhtuhpa a châ hleikhô ta chi nata pho eih-hrâhpa eima châna maniah apa-i-pachasatuhpa chhao a châ.

Tlaikao nahzy chhao ta he châbu arohtuhpa nata aviasapa Rev. J.H. Lorrain he vaw pasâhsa ngâsâ hra ei ta, châthaipa hluhpizy ta ama thâtih nata ama raihriapazy âki chochâ kawpa ta ama vaw roh. Châhrasala, Tlaikaopa châthaipazy ta ama Missionary nahzy thâtih, ama raihriapa nata ama hla paliepazy taihta ama roh papuana châbuzy liata Rev. Fred W. Savidge ta Mara chizy châta châbu pitloh kawpa, “A Grammer and Dictionary of the Lakher Language” tahpa a vaw rohpa thâtih ama rohpa deikua hmôpa pih vei. He hmo he no-âh chhihpa a châ.

He heta a chhopasia kawpa sâkha cha, chyhsazy ta Abeipa Khazohpa tuapa nata hmâpa chyhsazy kuzô nata hniehnô zy he phiepa ta pahleipalôpa achhuah tyh hra ei sala, Khazohpa chata a hmo taopazy cha a chyh chaipa chhao vaih ta, phiepa ta pahleipahlô thei rimâpa vaw châ tlai vei. Abeipa achhuahna kawhzie nata hmo paryhzie he khizaw chyhsazy heta a pahno thei rimâpa châ ma pi tahpa â lâ pasia ngaita kaw. Khazohpa ryhraona zie hawhta a châ hapa vâta adaihti ta liata achyhsa taopazy hmâpa ta kô hluhpi a hmia hmô leipa ta a vaw y thlâh hapa, Mara chizy châta Ryusôhpa, “A Grammer and Dictionary of the Lakher Language” tahpa châbu cha a châna ualuapa ta atahmâ cha hmôpapuapa a vaw châ ha bâ. Alypa a châ ngaita kaw na. Marasawzy pi ta he châbu he pasô kaw sai ei su vy.

Rev. Fred W. Savidge he Mara chizy Literature lâchhâh liata chi hro pho hropazy hawhta hmah eima kaw sie laih lymâ thei hra n’awpa ta lâhawh maniah a vaw chhawhpatuhpazy hry liata a kôpipa pakha châ hra ta, Mara reih ru kawpa, yzie hnei kawpa ta roh thei awpa ta maniah a vaw chhuahnohpatuhpa chhao a châ. Chavâta, Art & Culture Department, MADC, Siaha zy ta Rev. Fred W. Savidge palyupalihna daihti pha kawpa ama vaw patohtia theipa kha alypa a châ ngaita kaw. Kha hawhpa daihti eih-hrâhpa nata ngiatlâh a châ kawpa eima hmâpazy khata âthôhna hluhpi maniah a tlôkhei cheingei aw tahpa angiapâ na ta, Marasawzy ta châbu sôhna nata phana athiehpa ta eima pahno pasia via rili n’awpa chhao a châ hra aw. Atheithlâhna daihti eih-hrâhpa eima hmâpa kha keimo Mara chizy châta cha ngiatlâhpa a châ hleikhô ta, Mara History liata a cho ngâthlâh habâ awpa a châ. Eima nôpawpazy ta kha hawhta Mara chi nata phozy châta hmo pha maniah a vaw taopatuhpazy palyupalihna daihti eih-hrâhpa patohtiana châh ama aw pahnopa kha alypa a châ ngaita kaw. Abeipa ta Mara chizy châta hmo phapa maniah ataotuhpazy nata ama pathlazy hnohta byhnâ pie maw sy. Amen.

End notes:

1.         Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (ITACH) he kô 1984 liata Rajiv Gandhi ta a vaw paduapa a châ. Ano he apaduatuhpa a châ hleikhô ta INTACH Chairman hmiatuachaipa chhao a châ. INTACH he India râh chhôh liata âthôhna atlualeipa py (Non- Governmental organization) lai kawpa sâkha ama châ. INTACH aduana chhâ chaipa nata hmotao tlâhpi chaipa cha Indian Art and Cultural Heritage pabohsa awpa a châ. Ama Headquarters he India râh khihpi New Delhi liata châ ta, atahmâ he India râh chhôh liata khihpi peimawh viapazy liata Chapter 117 hnei hai ei ta, he nahzy hleikhôpa heta Belgium, United Kingdom nata United States liata zy chhao Chapter ama hnei hra. INTACH- Mizoram Chapter chhao he kô 1985 liata paduapa a châ hra.

2.         Mara chizy reih cheipa thâtih a vaw roh tuachaituhpa hawhta eima pahnopa cha Capt. S.R. Tickell châ ta, kô 1852 liana khata Mara reih Vocabulary thokha a vaw roh haw. A no apazipa he Capt. H.T. Lewin châ ta, a no heta Mara reih mohchho alâhâh viapazy âpazipathyhpa ta kô 1869 liana khata a vaw tao hra. Kô 1908 liata Rev. Fred W. Savidge ta “A Grammer and Dictionary of the Lakher Language” tahpa châbu pitlohpa ta arohpa cha papuapa a châ heih hra. He châbu he târi 17th Chhiepa 1908 liata papuapa a châ. N.E. Parry ta ‘The Lakhers’ tahpa châbu cha kô 1931 liana khata vaw roh ta, a châbu rohpa biehmiapa liata Rev. Fred W. Savidge ta a châbu rohpa, “A Grammer and Dictionary of the Lakher Language” pasai kawpa ta apahmâpa vâta ahnohta âlyna bie a reina chhao hmôpa a y hra. Lakher Pioneer Missionary, Rev. R.A. Lorrain ta târi 16th Pami 1908 liana khata Mara alphabet pitlohpa maniah vaw taopa ta, he he atanoh taihta achyhta pananopa ta eima za hmâ pazi laih lymâpa a châ.

3.         Arthington Aborigines Mission he Mongyuh chyhsa dyhphapa, Robert Arthington ta ano sôh hmâpa ta apaduapa a châ. Kô 1823 liata Robert Arthington he England râh liata Leeds khih ama tahpa Hunslet Lane vaih liata a vaw pihpa a châ.

4.         Rev. J.H. Lorrain nata Rev. Fred W. Savidge zyta kô 1898 liata “A Grammer and Dictionary of the Lushai language” tahpa ama vaw taopa cha Rev. J.H. Lorrain ta Missionary chakaona rai tawhta a retire tawhta achhôh liata biezy baichhi via heihpa ta palai via ta, “Dictionary of the Lushai language” tahpa ta châbu moh he a bi. Athi kô 1940 liata a Dictionary taopa he Royal Asiatic Scoiety of Bengal-zy ta ama papuapa haw hra.

References:

1.         ______, Krizyhpa Hlabu (Tonic Solfa), Evangelical Church of Maraland Music Committee, Siaha, Reprint, 2011.

2.         C. Lalchawimawia, British rule in Mizoram: Collection of Important Documents, Missionary and the Government 1891-1968, Vol-I, Author, Aizawl, 2010.

3.         Capt. T.H. Lewin, A Fly on the Wheel, Tribal Research Institute, Aizawl, Reprinted 1977.

4.         Capt. T.H. Lewin, The Hill Tracts of Chittagong And The Dwellers therein With Comparative Vocabulary of The Hill Dialects, Tribal Research Institute, Department of Art & Culture, Government of Mizoram, Aizawl, Reprinted, 2004.

5.         Department of Information & Public Relation (DIPR) Official Website: www.dpir.mizoram.gov.in

6.         Fred W. Savidge, A Grammer and Dictionary of the Lakher language, Dominant Publishers & Ditributors Pvt Ltd., New Delhi, Reprint, 2013.

7.         Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH) Official Website: www.itach.org

8.         K. Pari (Ed.), Mara Language in the making: In Honour of Rev. F.W. Savidge for His contribution towards Mara Literature, Art & Culture Department, Mara Autonomous District Council, Siaha, 2012.

9.         Rev. R.A. Lorrain, Five Years in Unknown Jungle for God and Empire, Lakher Pioneer Mission, London, 1912.

10.       Rev. R.A. Lorrain, The Wonderful Story of the Lakher Pioneer Mission, Lakher Pioneer Mission, London, 1905. Reprint Edition, 2007.

11.       Rev. L. Mark, Marah Pioneer Missionary hnoh chaipa Rev. A.B. Lorrain Foxall (1928-2.7.1977) Thati, Author, Printed at LV Art, Chanmari, Aizawl, 2001.

12.       Rev. R.C. Nohro, The Lakher Pioneer Missionaries Nata Hriatuhpazy, Literature & Publication Board, E.C.M. Assembly, Siaha, 2000.

13.       Rev. J.R. Sanga (ed.), Marapa nata Thâtihpha: Maraland Gospel Centenary Book Series No.1, Evangelical Church of Maraland, Siaha, 2007.

14.       Rev. Lalzawnga, B.D., Zoram Baptist Kohhran chanchin pawimawh lawrkhawm, Part-I, Literature Committee Baptist Assembly, Serkawn, 1990.

15.       Rev. V.L. Hruaia Khiangte, Rev. Vanlalchhawna Khiangte and Rev. R. Zolawma (eds.), Mizoram Missionary hmasa ber F.W. Savidge & J.H. Lorrain (Sap Upa & Pu Buanga): An sulhnu-Mizote ro hlu bihchhiana, Research & Development Separtment, Academy of Integrated Christian Studies, Aizawl, 2010.