Joint Mara Literature Workshop Lialaipi liata Rev Dr Laiu Fachhai Paper Present-pa
Keima (Laiu Fachhai) ta ei rei awpa châpaw he nama rei hra awpa ta ei FB viasazy chata he liata ei chaw sopa ei.
JOINT MARA LITERATURE WORKSHOP
Patô 09-12, 2019; Lialaipi
Resource person: Laiu Fachhai
Biehmia
1. Empire reih nata phoryhpa Vs Empire ry liata chi chynawhpazy reih nata phoryhpa: Empire ta a ry liata chi chynawhpazy reih nata phoryhpa a pahlei thei kaw. Biehria liata chhao Dâniah châbu liata eima hmô. Chi chynawhpazy moh pananopa ta Empire moh bipa châ ei ta, Empire reih ama chei awpa a byuh. Atanoh Empire-zy: Political Empire pakawh laihna la direct ta taopa châ khao thlyu aw vei. Châhrasala Reih Empire, Phoryhpa Empire, Sôhpaliena (Trade) Empire zy cha hroh ei ta, ama thatlô kaw. Mara reih nata phoryhpa he Empire reih nata phoryhpazy ta a pahlei laih ngâ kaw, Notla Mara râh lâta Mizo reih Empire nata phoryhpa, Nochhai Mara râh lâta Lai nata Kaoh reih nata phoryhpazy ta. Eimâ duah thei syulyuh aw tlyma?
2. Tlôsai Mara reih = Mara official reih. Mara kao nah kâh reih zydua a ngia ngaita sai ei ta, ama hneirô kaw sai. Châhrasala Tlôsai Mara reih he Mara Official reih ta taopa a châ hapa vâta, châ rona liata cha Tlôsai Mara reih he hmâh khai aw pi ta, Tlôsai Mara reih liata a y leipazy Mara kao reih hropazy chhao Mara Official reih liata eima pangia lymâ aw.
He châpaw liata eima reipahmaoh awpazy:
1. Mara châ ro tita pazao awpa nata pazao lei awpa kyh.
2. Châchiah (vowel) mianopazy, ‘a’ nata ‘o’ luh chhôpa kyh.
3. Aony (tone) ngiana ‘h’ baina nata bai leina kyh.
4. Mara reih liata eima hnei leipa, reih hropa biesâ Mara reih liata pangiana (transliterate-na) kyh.
5. Bietlâh (sentence), biehlô (paragraph) pachhâzie.
6. Mara hlaphôh (poetry/poem) kyh.
7. Mara nuhby reizie.
8. Mara reih hmâ pado leipa thokhazy.
1. Pazao awpa nata pazao lei awpazy
a. ‘A’ he moh vyuhpa (pronoun) châta hmâ tita, a vaw pazipa biesâ nahta pazao awpa châ vei.
Pakhonazy:
A vy teh, â dyuh aw, eima zydua ta a duah suh vy, â mô mâh ma? A mô bâ ei suh u, a zia bâ ei suh u, a châ, a taopa hmô ma pi, a siepa pahno ma pi, a ku, a phei, a thlôh ngaita, â palai kaw.
b. Verb noun lâta paliepa verbal noun nata participle nata nounzy liata cha, ‘a’ nata a vaw pazipa biesâ pazao awpa a châ.
Pakhonazy: Achhuahna, adyuhna, apalaina, areisina, apôhkhana, atudaina.
c. Biesâ thokha cha reih hropa (eg. mongyuh reih) liata biesâ miakhapa châ hra ei sala, Mara reih siezie zipa ta, pachhaihpa (pazao leipa) sia viapa ta a pha via thei.
Pakhonazy: Shepherd = Mietaku vaihtuh, Gospel/good news = Thâtih pha, Seal = Tilaipi siahrâ, Tablenacle = Achhyna byureih, Sanctuary = Achhyna o, Temple/Church = Achhyna o, Tent = Poh o
d. “Khei” he verb nata pazao lei awpa a do via taraw ta, châhrasala eima vaw pazao hapa vâta pazaopa he hmâ pazao awpa a pha chai thlâh ha thlyu aw.
Pakhonazy: Taokhei vs Tao khei, siekhei vs sie khei.
e. U la, sala, khiata cha. Pakhonazy: Sie u la (pazao lei awpa) … Na paw vaw tlô mawh sala … (pazao awpa), khiata cha, khiata la (pazao lei awpa).
f. Moh kyh liata, Notla Mara lâ cha pazao pi ta, Nochhi Mara lâ pazao leipa a châ. He he Lakher Pioneer Mission misawnârizy siekheizie nata American Baptist Chin Mission misawnârizy siekheizie â lyu lei vâta a châpa ta â lâ. Pazao leipa he oriental (China, Vietnam, Cambodia, etc) taozie châ ta, pazaopa he Mongyuh (Western) nata India sub-continent taozie a châ via.
Pakhonazy: Lai U vs Laiu, Vâ Noh vs Vânoh.
Lakher Pioneer Mission misawnârizy taozie he zi khai theipa châ sala a pha aw.
2. Châchiah (vowel) mianopazy, “a” nata “o” luh chhôpa kyh
Marasawzy pahrâna India nata Myanmar sawhkhâzy hmâpa Roman Script (English) liata luh chhôpa ama hmâ leipa vâta Mara reih liata luh chhôpa eima hmâpa he sawhkhâ pahnokhei leipa a châna kao a y. Chavâta rairuna eimâ tyh ngâ kaw tyh. Eima phopi moh chhao he, a châna hawhta rei thai’pa châ vei. Luh chhôpa vaw hmâh lei p’aw sih la, ‘â’ châpa ta combined vowel ‘aa’ tlyma, ‘ae’ tlyma hmâh sih la, ‘ô’ châpa ta ‘oi’ tlyma, ‘oe’ tlyma hmâh sih la cha, rairuna hluhpi eima khôkhâh ha taraw aw. Châhrasala, cha hawhta eima vaw tao khao lei tawhta cha ‘â’ nata ‘ô’ luh chhôpa hmâzie a chu ta thai awpa he eima tao awpa cha a châ bâ.
Mara châ liata ‘ô’ luh chhôpa he khizaw zydua ta ama hmâpa ‘o’ ao châta hmâpa châ ta, ‘o’ luh chhô leipa he, ‘o’ ao tloh leipa, Chapi-Ngiaphia Mara reih liata, “ei” hmâna thokha hawhpa liata hmâpa a châ.
Pakhonazy: Alô (stone), alôh (salt), tôpa (pho moh), Patô (May thlâpâ), pahmôhpi, Khopa a hnei (Kheipa a hnie – Chapi-Ngiaphia), Pawpi a lo haw, Lâpi a po kaw.
‘â’ luh chhôpa he ‘a’ ao pasipa a châ. Palâ tipo: ‘pa’ liata ‘a’ he ‘a’ chyupa châ ta, ‘lâ’ liata ‘a’ he ‘a’ pasipa a châ. Chariah ta Zerusale khih ama la: ‘la’ liata ‘a’ he ‘a’ chyupa a châ hra. Kahrieh tlâhpi tawhta Ngiaphiapi khih â lâ: ‘â lâ’ liata ‘a’ zy he ‘a’ pasipazy ama châ. Viasa â chhi ma? (‘a’ pasipa). A chhi vei (‘a’ chyupa). Lapinô ta hnei â chhuah ma? (‘a’ pasiapa). A chhuah vei (‘a’ chyupa). Tâkâ â ki ma? (‘a’ pasipa). Â ki (‘a’ pasipa).
3. Aony (tone) ngiana ‘h’ baina nata bai leina kyh
Mara reih liata aony sôpipa (major tone) miathôh y ta, aony khophiepazy (minor or half tone) a y hra. Aony sôpipazy cha eima pahno khaipa hawhta, d r m aonyzy châ ei ta, aony khophiepa cha ‘doh’ nata ‘ray’ likah liata a y. Aony ngiana he reih hluhpi ta tao veih ei. A reih a cheihpazy ta cha ngiana tao leipa chhaota ama pahno awpa hawhta pachâpa vâta a châ. A bie siezie (context) ta a chhopasia awpa ta ama soh.
Mara reih liata deikua cha, ao hnaipa (doh ao) ngiana châta biekawh nata biesâ chhâna liata ‘h’ sopa a châ. Aony ngia n’awpa tlai ta, châkô (cononant) pitlohpa ‘h’ eima vaw hmâ thlâh hapa deikua he cha, taozie pha chaipa a châpa ta a lâ vei. Aony hnaipa (Doh ao) ngina eima tao awpa a châ khiata cha, châkô pitlohpa ‘h’ hmâ leipa ta, châchiah (vowel) ry liata ngiana (dot . ) soh thlâh ha sih la cha â thlâ via taraw aw. Châhrasala cha hawhta vaw tao khao leipa pi ta, aony hnaipa ngiana ‘h’ eima vaw hmâ ha tawhta cha hmâzie nata hmâ daihti pahno awpa nata hmâ lei daihti chhao pahno awpa he eima tao awpa cha a châ bâ.
‘h’ hmâ hluh pâ tupa ta Mara châ a ngiana a parao kaw hleikhô ta, thokha liata cha pasiasa via châpa ta, tlao a pasiasa lei via ha tyh hri, a eih pachaipa ta ‘h’ hmâ pakaohpa combined letters hmânazy liata. ‘h’ hmâ pakaohpa combine letterzy liata thokha liata ‘h’ hmia a sah ta, thokha liata ‘h’ hnôh a y. ‘h’ hmia a sahpazy: hla, hma, hna, hra. ‘h’ hnôh a ypazy: ch, chh, kha, pha, tha. ‘h’ hmia pasahpa, hla, hma, hna, hrazy liana chhao he, ‘h’ hnôh paysapa ta, lha, mha, nha, rha tahpa ta vaw hmâh khai ha sih la cha, aony ngiana ‘h’ hmâ tita a rei chhei thai khao taraw aw vei. Pakhona ta, tlâhlei (sick) = tlâh-lei nata Tlâhlei = Tlâ-hlei (chanô moh) zy a pahno chhei khao aw vei. ‘h’ hnôh payna liata cha chanô moh Tlâhlei he Tlâlhei tah awpa a châpa vâta.
Mara Biehrai Revision II liata cha, ‘h’ hmâ lei n’awpa exception hnei a phapa ta pahno pi ta, he hawhta ‘h’ hmâ n’awpa nata hmâ lei n’awpazy eima tao:
a. Biekawh (syllable) miakha dei a ypa biesâzy liata cha, ao hnaipa ‘Doh’ ao maih ta, ngiana ‘h’ so khai awpa. Pakhonazy: Moh (name), sôh (money), tlâh (hill), khih (town/village).
b. Doh ao khophiepa, Doh nata Ray ao likah liatapa nata ao chyupazy liata cha ‘h’ so lei awpa. Pakhonazy: Rôhnah = rônah, hmeihseih = hmeiseih, sahdô = sadô, lahpinô = lapinô, lahpi lahvia = lapi lavia, nahthlie = nathlie, nahkhaoh = nakhaoh, Pihnô = Pinô, Puhpa = Pupa, awpah = awpa.
c. Biekawh miano a ypa biesâzy liata, biekawh nata biekawh likawh liata ‘h’ hmâ leipa ta â rei chhei thai lei awpa khiata tlyma, hmâpa vâta â rei chhei thei awpa a châ khiata tlyma, ‘h’ nahta ‘h’ â pazi awpa a châ khiata tlyma cha, ‘h’ bai lei awpa
Pakhonazy: chhôhhmoh = chhôhmoh, chiahmie (trumpet) = chiamie.
d. Biekawh miathôh tawhta chô lâ biesâzy liata cha biekawh nata biekawh likawh (a liah) liata ao hnaipa ngiana ‘h’ so leipa ta, biesâ chhâna lia deita ta so awpa. Pakhonazy: Tahlaihlih (cart/chariot) = talailih, tôhkahlôh = tôkalôh, tôhkahlôhpa = tôlalôpa, chakeihbarôh = chakeibarôh.
Biekawh mianopa tawhta chô lâ, biesâ chhâna liata ‘h’ so hapazy cha, suffix ‘-na’ nata ‘-pa’ hmâ thlupa a châ tita ‘h’ so pazao awpa. Pakhonazy: Rônahna, hmeiseihpa, achhuanohna, aluahna.
e. Ao hnaipa (Doh ao) cheingei chhao he, bietlâh yzie ta ao liahpa (Ray ao) nata ao sâhpa (Mi ao) lâta a pua hana daihtizy a y tyh. Doh ao hmâna verb hmah châ sala, “awpa” (to) nahta hmâ pakaoh tita nata, suffix ‘-na’ nata ‘-pa” hmâpa ta verbal noun a châ tita cha, a tlâpipa ta Ray ao nata Mi ao lâta a pua ha tyh. He he Mara reih lozie a châ. A lozie leipa lâta palosa thai awpa châ vei.
Pakhonazy:
Châbu ama reih (Doh ao). Châbu reina daihti ama hnei pha kaw (Ray ao). ‘Châbu reihna’ tah awpa châ vei. Châbu rei awpa hnei veih ei (Ray ao). ‘Châbu reih awpa hnei veih ei’ tah awpa châ vei. Hmo soh chakhyh kha (Doh ao). Hmo so awpa a y (Mi ao). Hmo sona su ama tlua (Mi ao a hmâh thei ta, Ray ao chhao â hmâh thei hra ei aw, a kao nata a kâh reih yzie ta).
4. Mara reih liata a y leipa reih hropa biesâ Mara reih liata pangiana (transliterate-na) kyh.
Mara reih liata a y leipa reih hropa mohchhozy cha Mara reih lâta palie awpa châ ta, palie thai lei awpazy deikua cha, reih hropa liata a parozie zipa ta, Mara reih ta rei thaizie ta paryh (transliterate) awpa a châ.
Pakhonazy:
Paliepa: Driver = (Mawtaw) Haotuhpa, date = thlanoh (târi he cha transliterate-pa a châ), Trouser/pant = chaopasy.
Paryhpa (transliteration): Doctor = dawty, Pastor = Pâsataw, missionary = misawnâri.
5. Bietlâh (sentence), biehlô (paragraph) pachhâzie
Bietlâh nata biehlô pachhâ ha n’awpa liata cha, châbu nata châpawzy liata phôhpa (narrative) a sie lymâpa liata na tah leipa ta cha, "ta" ta bietlâh pachhâ awpa châ vei. Bietlâh pachhâ ha awpa liata cha, “Atamy ta a vaw pakhypa zydua alyna bie cha hlâ ei na ta” tah ta bietlâh pachhâ awpa châ leipa ta, “Atamy ta a vaw pakhypa zydua alyna bie ei cha hlâ ei” tah hri awpa a châ. “Thlahchhâ sih la” tah awpa châ leipa ta, “Thlah eima chhâ aw” tah hri awpa.
‘A châ’ tahpa sai ta bietlâh pachhâpa a ngia chai vei. ‘A châpa a châ’ tahpa chhochhi cha â ngia lei kaw: ‘Lialaipi liata Joint Mara Literature Workshop hneipa a châ. Mara châ rozie noh no chhôh tlai reipahmaohpa a châ.’ tah ta, ‘a châ’ sai ta bietlâh pachhâ thlâh ha châpa ta, ‘Lialaipi liata Joint Mara Literature Workshop eima/ama hnei. Mara châ rozie noh no chhôh tlai eima/ama reipahmaoh’ tahpa ta, â ngia kawpa ta â roh thei.
6. Mara hlaphôh (poetry/poem) kyh
Mara reih he hlaphôh phi n’awpa ta a ngia ngaita ta, hlâno Marasawzy chhao kha hlaphôh a phi thai kawpa, hlaphôh community eima vaw châ. Mara literature hmasie awpa nata a sâh awpa ta cha, hlaphôh liata eimâ sâh awpa a byuh. Mara hlaphôh he a tlâhpipa ta tlâh (line) thôh hnei ta, biesâ mia charie tawhta mia hrawh taih a y. Rhyme chhao hmô awpa y tyh ta, châhrasala manô-mapawzy kha hryme vaw pachâ tu veih ei.
Pakhonazy:
Hao lia lôkâh ti pasoh moh (la),
Nâma thângia ei cha sana (cha),
Raiti hao hawhta na a loh (e).
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Sazâh ama châ kalâ na,
Hâbâh lôkâh a papapa cha,
A viapakao tho khaziepa maw?
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Mara reih pha, reih thlôh nô ta,
Na kyhpachâ lyubie sôh chai,
Ei theipa cha ei zao khai haw.
Hlâno Mara hlaphôh phizie zipa ta tlyma, rei hropazy hlaphôh phizie zipa ta Meter nata Hryme a hneipa ta tlyma, free style ta tlyma, hlaphôh hluhpi eima phi awpa â ngiah ngaita. Primary tawhta college/university taihta a chu awpa hlaphôh phapa hluhpi eima hnei awpa a byuh. Hlaphôh he a aony tao ta, a hla ta sa pâ cheingei byuh hlei vei. A rei ta rei awpa hlaphôh hluhpi a y awpa châ ta, cha cha eima literure hmasiena a châ aw. Greek poet Homer (ca. 8th century BC) ropa Iliad nata English ppoet John Milton (1608-1674) ropa Paradise Lost hawhpa hlaphôh pasipa (Epic Poem) a papua theipazy chhao y patoh laih daihti a tlô haw.
Marasawzy vaw thyu u la,
Eima phopi chithâtih he,
Hlaphôh ngia ta soh ei suh u.
7. Mara nuhby reizie
a. Hlâno Mara: Mia, sy, za, sâh, thy. Thy liata a chhâ haw.
b. RA Lorrain: Mia, sy, za, sâh, thy, thysy, thyza, thysâh, thythy …
c. Pahruana thiehpa (Laiu Fachhai): Mia, sy, za, sâh, thy, lo, milia, karaw, bilia, tilia …
Rs 123567890 = Karaw hleino, milia sâthôh, lo pangawh, thy charu, sâh sari, za charie nata tlaw sychaki.
8. Mara reih hmâ pado leipa thokhazy
a. Alyna bie a rei ta rei n’awpa nata a hlâ ta hlâ n’awpa daihti:
Alyna bie he, “cha” (transitive verb) hmâ pâna liata cha a rei ta rei awpa châ leipa ta, a hlâ ta hlâ awpa a châ: Alyna bie ei cha hlâ, alyna bie eima cha hlâ, alyna bie a cha hlâ, alyna bie a cha hlâ ei, alyna bie ama cha hlâ, alyna bie ama cha hlâ ei. "Alyna bie eima cha reih" tah awpa châ vei. Vâ-iazy likawh liata lyubie chhao â hlâ ta amâ hlâ tyh. “Lyubie ei cha reih” tah leipa pi ta, “lyubie ei cha hlâ” eima tah. Reih hropazy liata chhao alyna bie a hlâ ta a hlâpa ama y hra. Pakhona ta Mongyuh reih ta, “We give you thanks” tah ei ta, alyna bie cha â pie ta a pie ei ta, â hlâ ta amâ hlâ hra.
“Cha” hmâ leina daihti (intransitive verb) liata cha, alyna bie he a rei ta rei awpa a châ. Na chô liata alyna bie ei reih. Nama chô liata alyna bie eima reih. Ama chô liata alyna bie ama reih. Ama hnohta alyna bie ama reih. “Nama chô lâ liata alyna bie eima reih” deikua tah awpa châ vei. Alyna bie cha chyhsa chô lâta rei leipa pi ta, chyhsa chô liata tlao eima rei tyh hri.
b. “Na lapinô” tahpa a do ta, “Na vahpa” tahpa deikua Mara reih siezie châ vei. “Na vahpa” tahpa liata cha, “Na” liata biechiah (vowel) “a” he “a” pasipa, a luh khupa a châ. “Nâ vahpa” tah awpa a châ.
c. Ei châ hly. Keimo ta chyhsa hmo nata hneina eima vâ hly tita “Ei châ hly” tah awpa châ ta, mo hropa ta keimo hmo nata hneina maniah amâ vaw hly tita cha “Ei châ hly” tah awpa châ khao leipa ta, “Einâ hly, einâ hly chi” tah awpa a châ.
d. Nuhby reina châta achyuna hmâpa ‘NO’ he rei tita cha, ‘No’ tah awpa châ leipa ta, Nuhby tah awpa a châ. Pakhona ta, Presbytery NO. 4 = Presbytery Nuhby Sâpalihna.
e. ‘Thei ngai va na’ tah awpa châ leipa ta, ‘thei beih va na’ tah awpa. ‘Thei ngai va na’ tahpa ta chyhsa hluhpi ta ama hmâ chhei.
JOINT MARA LITERATURE WORKSHOP
Patô 09-12, 2019; Lialaipi
Resource person: Laiu Fachhai
Biehmia
1. Empire reih nata phoryhpa Vs Empire ry liata chi chynawhpazy reih nata phoryhpa: Empire ta a ry liata chi chynawhpazy reih nata phoryhpa a pahlei thei kaw. Biehria liata chhao Dâniah châbu liata eima hmô. Chi chynawhpazy moh pananopa ta Empire moh bipa châ ei ta, Empire reih ama chei awpa a byuh. Atanoh Empire-zy: Political Empire pakawh laihna la direct ta taopa châ khao thlyu aw vei. Châhrasala Reih Empire, Phoryhpa Empire, Sôhpaliena (Trade) Empire zy cha hroh ei ta, ama thatlô kaw. Mara reih nata phoryhpa he Empire reih nata phoryhpazy ta a pahlei laih ngâ kaw, Notla Mara râh lâta Mizo reih Empire nata phoryhpa, Nochhai Mara râh lâta Lai nata Kaoh reih nata phoryhpazy ta. Eimâ duah thei syulyuh aw tlyma?
2. Tlôsai Mara reih = Mara official reih. Mara kao nah kâh reih zydua a ngia ngaita sai ei ta, ama hneirô kaw sai. Châhrasala Tlôsai Mara reih he Mara Official reih ta taopa a châ hapa vâta, châ rona liata cha Tlôsai Mara reih he hmâh khai aw pi ta, Tlôsai Mara reih liata a y leipazy Mara kao reih hropazy chhao Mara Official reih liata eima pangia lymâ aw.
He châpaw liata eima reipahmaoh awpazy:
1. Mara châ ro tita pazao awpa nata pazao lei awpa kyh.
2. Châchiah (vowel) mianopazy, ‘a’ nata ‘o’ luh chhôpa kyh.
3. Aony (tone) ngiana ‘h’ baina nata bai leina kyh.
4. Mara reih liata eima hnei leipa, reih hropa biesâ Mara reih liata pangiana (transliterate-na) kyh.
5. Bietlâh (sentence), biehlô (paragraph) pachhâzie.
6. Mara hlaphôh (poetry/poem) kyh.
7. Mara nuhby reizie.
8. Mara reih hmâ pado leipa thokhazy.
1. Pazao awpa nata pazao lei awpazy
a. ‘A’ he moh vyuhpa (pronoun) châta hmâ tita, a vaw pazipa biesâ nahta pazao awpa châ vei.
Pakhonazy:
A vy teh, â dyuh aw, eima zydua ta a duah suh vy, â mô mâh ma? A mô bâ ei suh u, a zia bâ ei suh u, a châ, a taopa hmô ma pi, a siepa pahno ma pi, a ku, a phei, a thlôh ngaita, â palai kaw.
b. Verb noun lâta paliepa verbal noun nata participle nata nounzy liata cha, ‘a’ nata a vaw pazipa biesâ pazao awpa a châ.
Pakhonazy: Achhuahna, adyuhna, apalaina, areisina, apôhkhana, atudaina.
c. Biesâ thokha cha reih hropa (eg. mongyuh reih) liata biesâ miakhapa châ hra ei sala, Mara reih siezie zipa ta, pachhaihpa (pazao leipa) sia viapa ta a pha via thei.
Pakhonazy: Shepherd = Mietaku vaihtuh, Gospel/good news = Thâtih pha, Seal = Tilaipi siahrâ, Tablenacle = Achhyna byureih, Sanctuary = Achhyna o, Temple/Church = Achhyna o, Tent = Poh o
d. “Khei” he verb nata pazao lei awpa a do via taraw ta, châhrasala eima vaw pazao hapa vâta pazaopa he hmâ pazao awpa a pha chai thlâh ha thlyu aw.
Pakhonazy: Taokhei vs Tao khei, siekhei vs sie khei.
e. U la, sala, khiata cha. Pakhonazy: Sie u la (pazao lei awpa) … Na paw vaw tlô mawh sala … (pazao awpa), khiata cha, khiata la (pazao lei awpa).
f. Moh kyh liata, Notla Mara lâ cha pazao pi ta, Nochhi Mara lâ pazao leipa a châ. He he Lakher Pioneer Mission misawnârizy siekheizie nata American Baptist Chin Mission misawnârizy siekheizie â lyu lei vâta a châpa ta â lâ. Pazao leipa he oriental (China, Vietnam, Cambodia, etc) taozie châ ta, pazaopa he Mongyuh (Western) nata India sub-continent taozie a châ via.
Pakhonazy: Lai U vs Laiu, Vâ Noh vs Vânoh.
Lakher Pioneer Mission misawnârizy taozie he zi khai theipa châ sala a pha aw.
2. Châchiah (vowel) mianopazy, “a” nata “o” luh chhôpa kyh
Marasawzy pahrâna India nata Myanmar sawhkhâzy hmâpa Roman Script (English) liata luh chhôpa ama hmâ leipa vâta Mara reih liata luh chhôpa eima hmâpa he sawhkhâ pahnokhei leipa a châna kao a y. Chavâta rairuna eimâ tyh ngâ kaw tyh. Eima phopi moh chhao he, a châna hawhta rei thai’pa châ vei. Luh chhôpa vaw hmâh lei p’aw sih la, ‘â’ châpa ta combined vowel ‘aa’ tlyma, ‘ae’ tlyma hmâh sih la, ‘ô’ châpa ta ‘oi’ tlyma, ‘oe’ tlyma hmâh sih la cha, rairuna hluhpi eima khôkhâh ha taraw aw. Châhrasala, cha hawhta eima vaw tao khao lei tawhta cha ‘â’ nata ‘ô’ luh chhôpa hmâzie a chu ta thai awpa he eima tao awpa cha a châ bâ.
Mara châ liata ‘ô’ luh chhôpa he khizaw zydua ta ama hmâpa ‘o’ ao châta hmâpa châ ta, ‘o’ luh chhô leipa he, ‘o’ ao tloh leipa, Chapi-Ngiaphia Mara reih liata, “ei” hmâna thokha hawhpa liata hmâpa a châ.
Pakhonazy: Alô (stone), alôh (salt), tôpa (pho moh), Patô (May thlâpâ), pahmôhpi, Khopa a hnei (Kheipa a hnie – Chapi-Ngiaphia), Pawpi a lo haw, Lâpi a po kaw.
‘â’ luh chhôpa he ‘a’ ao pasipa a châ. Palâ tipo: ‘pa’ liata ‘a’ he ‘a’ chyupa châ ta, ‘lâ’ liata ‘a’ he ‘a’ pasipa a châ. Chariah ta Zerusale khih ama la: ‘la’ liata ‘a’ he ‘a’ chyupa a châ hra. Kahrieh tlâhpi tawhta Ngiaphiapi khih â lâ: ‘â lâ’ liata ‘a’ zy he ‘a’ pasipazy ama châ. Viasa â chhi ma? (‘a’ pasipa). A chhi vei (‘a’ chyupa). Lapinô ta hnei â chhuah ma? (‘a’ pasiapa). A chhuah vei (‘a’ chyupa). Tâkâ â ki ma? (‘a’ pasipa). Â ki (‘a’ pasipa).
3. Aony (tone) ngiana ‘h’ baina nata bai leina kyh
Mara reih liata aony sôpipa (major tone) miathôh y ta, aony khophiepazy (minor or half tone) a y hra. Aony sôpipazy cha eima pahno khaipa hawhta, d r m aonyzy châ ei ta, aony khophiepa cha ‘doh’ nata ‘ray’ likah liata a y. Aony ngiana he reih hluhpi ta tao veih ei. A reih a cheihpazy ta cha ngiana tao leipa chhaota ama pahno awpa hawhta pachâpa vâta a châ. A bie siezie (context) ta a chhopasia awpa ta ama soh.
Mara reih liata deikua cha, ao hnaipa (doh ao) ngiana châta biekawh nata biesâ chhâna liata ‘h’ sopa a châ. Aony ngia n’awpa tlai ta, châkô (cononant) pitlohpa ‘h’ eima vaw hmâ thlâh hapa deikua he cha, taozie pha chaipa a châpa ta a lâ vei. Aony hnaipa (Doh ao) ngina eima tao awpa a châ khiata cha, châkô pitlohpa ‘h’ hmâ leipa ta, châchiah (vowel) ry liata ngiana (dot . ) soh thlâh ha sih la cha â thlâ via taraw aw. Châhrasala cha hawhta vaw tao khao leipa pi ta, aony hnaipa ngiana ‘h’ eima vaw hmâ ha tawhta cha hmâzie nata hmâ daihti pahno awpa nata hmâ lei daihti chhao pahno awpa he eima tao awpa cha a châ bâ.
‘h’ hmâ hluh pâ tupa ta Mara châ a ngiana a parao kaw hleikhô ta, thokha liata cha pasiasa via châpa ta, tlao a pasiasa lei via ha tyh hri, a eih pachaipa ta ‘h’ hmâ pakaohpa combined letters hmânazy liata. ‘h’ hmâ pakaohpa combine letterzy liata thokha liata ‘h’ hmia a sah ta, thokha liata ‘h’ hnôh a y. ‘h’ hmia a sahpazy: hla, hma, hna, hra. ‘h’ hnôh a ypazy: ch, chh, kha, pha, tha. ‘h’ hmia pasahpa, hla, hma, hna, hrazy liana chhao he, ‘h’ hnôh paysapa ta, lha, mha, nha, rha tahpa ta vaw hmâh khai ha sih la cha, aony ngiana ‘h’ hmâ tita a rei chhei thai khao taraw aw vei. Pakhona ta, tlâhlei (sick) = tlâh-lei nata Tlâhlei = Tlâ-hlei (chanô moh) zy a pahno chhei khao aw vei. ‘h’ hnôh payna liata cha chanô moh Tlâhlei he Tlâlhei tah awpa a châpa vâta.
Mara Biehrai Revision II liata cha, ‘h’ hmâ lei n’awpa exception hnei a phapa ta pahno pi ta, he hawhta ‘h’ hmâ n’awpa nata hmâ lei n’awpazy eima tao:
a. Biekawh (syllable) miakha dei a ypa biesâzy liata cha, ao hnaipa ‘Doh’ ao maih ta, ngiana ‘h’ so khai awpa. Pakhonazy: Moh (name), sôh (money), tlâh (hill), khih (town/village).
b. Doh ao khophiepa, Doh nata Ray ao likah liatapa nata ao chyupazy liata cha ‘h’ so lei awpa. Pakhonazy: Rôhnah = rônah, hmeihseih = hmeiseih, sahdô = sadô, lahpinô = lapinô, lahpi lahvia = lapi lavia, nahthlie = nathlie, nahkhaoh = nakhaoh, Pihnô = Pinô, Puhpa = Pupa, awpah = awpa.
c. Biekawh miano a ypa biesâzy liata, biekawh nata biekawh likawh liata ‘h’ hmâ leipa ta â rei chhei thai lei awpa khiata tlyma, hmâpa vâta â rei chhei thei awpa a châ khiata tlyma, ‘h’ nahta ‘h’ â pazi awpa a châ khiata tlyma cha, ‘h’ bai lei awpa
Pakhonazy: chhôhhmoh = chhôhmoh, chiahmie (trumpet) = chiamie.
d. Biekawh miathôh tawhta chô lâ biesâzy liata cha biekawh nata biekawh likawh (a liah) liata ao hnaipa ngiana ‘h’ so leipa ta, biesâ chhâna lia deita ta so awpa. Pakhonazy: Tahlaihlih (cart/chariot) = talailih, tôhkahlôh = tôkalôh, tôhkahlôhpa = tôlalôpa, chakeihbarôh = chakeibarôh.
Biekawh mianopa tawhta chô lâ, biesâ chhâna liata ‘h’ so hapazy cha, suffix ‘-na’ nata ‘-pa’ hmâ thlupa a châ tita ‘h’ so pazao awpa. Pakhonazy: Rônahna, hmeiseihpa, achhuanohna, aluahna.
e. Ao hnaipa (Doh ao) cheingei chhao he, bietlâh yzie ta ao liahpa (Ray ao) nata ao sâhpa (Mi ao) lâta a pua hana daihtizy a y tyh. Doh ao hmâna verb hmah châ sala, “awpa” (to) nahta hmâ pakaoh tita nata, suffix ‘-na’ nata ‘-pa” hmâpa ta verbal noun a châ tita cha, a tlâpipa ta Ray ao nata Mi ao lâta a pua ha tyh. He he Mara reih lozie a châ. A lozie leipa lâta palosa thai awpa châ vei.
Pakhonazy:
Châbu ama reih (Doh ao). Châbu reina daihti ama hnei pha kaw (Ray ao). ‘Châbu reihna’ tah awpa châ vei. Châbu rei awpa hnei veih ei (Ray ao). ‘Châbu reih awpa hnei veih ei’ tah awpa châ vei. Hmo soh chakhyh kha (Doh ao). Hmo so awpa a y (Mi ao). Hmo sona su ama tlua (Mi ao a hmâh thei ta, Ray ao chhao â hmâh thei hra ei aw, a kao nata a kâh reih yzie ta).
4. Mara reih liata a y leipa reih hropa biesâ Mara reih liata pangiana (transliterate-na) kyh.
Mara reih liata a y leipa reih hropa mohchhozy cha Mara reih lâta palie awpa châ ta, palie thai lei awpazy deikua cha, reih hropa liata a parozie zipa ta, Mara reih ta rei thaizie ta paryh (transliterate) awpa a châ.
Pakhonazy:
Paliepa: Driver = (Mawtaw) Haotuhpa, date = thlanoh (târi he cha transliterate-pa a châ), Trouser/pant = chaopasy.
Paryhpa (transliteration): Doctor = dawty, Pastor = Pâsataw, missionary = misawnâri.
5. Bietlâh (sentence), biehlô (paragraph) pachhâzie
Bietlâh nata biehlô pachhâ ha n’awpa liata cha, châbu nata châpawzy liata phôhpa (narrative) a sie lymâpa liata na tah leipa ta cha, "ta" ta bietlâh pachhâ awpa châ vei. Bietlâh pachhâ ha awpa liata cha, “Atamy ta a vaw pakhypa zydua alyna bie cha hlâ ei na ta” tah ta bietlâh pachhâ awpa châ leipa ta, “Atamy ta a vaw pakhypa zydua alyna bie ei cha hlâ ei” tah hri awpa a châ. “Thlahchhâ sih la” tah awpa châ leipa ta, “Thlah eima chhâ aw” tah hri awpa.
‘A châ’ tahpa sai ta bietlâh pachhâpa a ngia chai vei. ‘A châpa a châ’ tahpa chhochhi cha â ngia lei kaw: ‘Lialaipi liata Joint Mara Literature Workshop hneipa a châ. Mara châ rozie noh no chhôh tlai reipahmaohpa a châ.’ tah ta, ‘a châ’ sai ta bietlâh pachhâ thlâh ha châpa ta, ‘Lialaipi liata Joint Mara Literature Workshop eima/ama hnei. Mara châ rozie noh no chhôh tlai eima/ama reipahmaoh’ tahpa ta, â ngia kawpa ta â roh thei.
6. Mara hlaphôh (poetry/poem) kyh
Mara reih he hlaphôh phi n’awpa ta a ngia ngaita ta, hlâno Marasawzy chhao kha hlaphôh a phi thai kawpa, hlaphôh community eima vaw châ. Mara literature hmasie awpa nata a sâh awpa ta cha, hlaphôh liata eimâ sâh awpa a byuh. Mara hlaphôh he a tlâhpipa ta tlâh (line) thôh hnei ta, biesâ mia charie tawhta mia hrawh taih a y. Rhyme chhao hmô awpa y tyh ta, châhrasala manô-mapawzy kha hryme vaw pachâ tu veih ei.
Pakhonazy:
Hao lia lôkâh ti pasoh moh (la),
Nâma thângia ei cha sana (cha),
Raiti hao hawhta na a loh (e).
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Sazâh ama châ kalâ na,
Hâbâh lôkâh a papapa cha,
A viapakao tho khaziepa maw?
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Mara reih pha, reih thlôh nô ta,
Na kyhpachâ lyubie sôh chai,
Ei theipa cha ei zao khai haw.
Hlâno Mara hlaphôh phizie zipa ta tlyma, rei hropazy hlaphôh phizie zipa ta Meter nata Hryme a hneipa ta tlyma, free style ta tlyma, hlaphôh hluhpi eima phi awpa â ngiah ngaita. Primary tawhta college/university taihta a chu awpa hlaphôh phapa hluhpi eima hnei awpa a byuh. Hlaphôh he a aony tao ta, a hla ta sa pâ cheingei byuh hlei vei. A rei ta rei awpa hlaphôh hluhpi a y awpa châ ta, cha cha eima literure hmasiena a châ aw. Greek poet Homer (ca. 8th century BC) ropa Iliad nata English ppoet John Milton (1608-1674) ropa Paradise Lost hawhpa hlaphôh pasipa (Epic Poem) a papua theipazy chhao y patoh laih daihti a tlô haw.
Marasawzy vaw thyu u la,
Eima phopi chithâtih he,
Hlaphôh ngia ta soh ei suh u.
7. Mara nuhby reizie
a. Hlâno Mara: Mia, sy, za, sâh, thy. Thy liata a chhâ haw.
b. RA Lorrain: Mia, sy, za, sâh, thy, thysy, thyza, thysâh, thythy …
c. Pahruana thiehpa (Laiu Fachhai): Mia, sy, za, sâh, thy, lo, milia, karaw, bilia, tilia …
Rs 123567890 = Karaw hleino, milia sâthôh, lo pangawh, thy charu, sâh sari, za charie nata tlaw sychaki.
8. Mara reih hmâ pado leipa thokhazy
a. Alyna bie a rei ta rei n’awpa nata a hlâ ta hlâ n’awpa daihti:
Alyna bie he, “cha” (transitive verb) hmâ pâna liata cha a rei ta rei awpa châ leipa ta, a hlâ ta hlâ awpa a châ: Alyna bie ei cha hlâ, alyna bie eima cha hlâ, alyna bie a cha hlâ, alyna bie a cha hlâ ei, alyna bie ama cha hlâ, alyna bie ama cha hlâ ei. "Alyna bie eima cha reih" tah awpa châ vei. Vâ-iazy likawh liata lyubie chhao â hlâ ta amâ hlâ tyh. “Lyubie ei cha reih” tah leipa pi ta, “lyubie ei cha hlâ” eima tah. Reih hropazy liata chhao alyna bie a hlâ ta a hlâpa ama y hra. Pakhona ta Mongyuh reih ta, “We give you thanks” tah ei ta, alyna bie cha â pie ta a pie ei ta, â hlâ ta amâ hlâ hra.
“Cha” hmâ leina daihti (intransitive verb) liata cha, alyna bie he a rei ta rei awpa a châ. Na chô liata alyna bie ei reih. Nama chô liata alyna bie eima reih. Ama chô liata alyna bie ama reih. Ama hnohta alyna bie ama reih. “Nama chô lâ liata alyna bie eima reih” deikua tah awpa châ vei. Alyna bie cha chyhsa chô lâta rei leipa pi ta, chyhsa chô liata tlao eima rei tyh hri.
b. “Na lapinô” tahpa a do ta, “Na vahpa” tahpa deikua Mara reih siezie châ vei. “Na vahpa” tahpa liata cha, “Na” liata biechiah (vowel) “a” he “a” pasipa, a luh khupa a châ. “Nâ vahpa” tah awpa a châ.
c. Ei châ hly. Keimo ta chyhsa hmo nata hneina eima vâ hly tita “Ei châ hly” tah awpa châ ta, mo hropa ta keimo hmo nata hneina maniah amâ vaw hly tita cha “Ei châ hly” tah awpa châ khao leipa ta, “Einâ hly, einâ hly chi” tah awpa a châ.
d. Nuhby reina châta achyuna hmâpa ‘NO’ he rei tita cha, ‘No’ tah awpa châ leipa ta, Nuhby tah awpa a châ. Pakhona ta, Presbytery NO. 4 = Presbytery Nuhby Sâpalihna.
e. ‘Thei ngai va na’ tah awpa châ leipa ta, ‘thei beih va na’ tah awpa. ‘Thei ngai va na’ tahpa ta chyhsa hluhpi ta ama hmâ chhei.
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