Article : HLA NATA BIE PASIPASUANA : Literary Criticism

Châbu thiehpa palâhâh awpa vaw châ ta, saichhieliena (Preview)-zy hneipa ta, eima palâhâh tyh. Khâ châbu thiehpa eima saichhieliena kha _Literary criticism_ a châ hra. Châbu eima palâhâh awpa kha reih pi ta, a vaw chu chhielie pi ta,  a phana, phaleina nata kho a khileinazy reihpa ta, eima pasipasua (criticise) tyh. Kha kha _Literary crtiticism_ a châ hra, tahpa deikua eima pahno awpa a byuh. Anodeikua, _Criticism_ ta cha a phana dei reih leipa ta - a phana, phaleina nata taopathi byuhna a thaohpapua tyh.

Kheita ma hla nata bie sôhna, pawngiana nata khochhihna, a chhôh liata bietapa a nyupa nata, chyhsapa châta a phahnaina cha eima thaohpapua thei aw? Eima phahnaikhei thei aw? Kheita ma Literature phapa cha eima pahno thei aw? A sôhzie nata phazie cha kheita mohropazy pahnothai thei awpa ta eima palâhâh thei aw? He zydua pahnothai awpa ta ahmiatuata Hla nata bie pasipasuana, panuana, achupasiana nata khopathliahna tah thei awpa Literary Criticism he eima pahno ha tua awpa â ngiah thlyu aw.

Literary criticism heta hlabie, hlaphôh, Drama nata châbu rohtuhpazy ropa vaw reihtuhpazy ta a chhôh biezy pahnothai viapa ta, a bie â chakaihpazy pahnothai awpa ta zy,  a sôhna pahnothai awpa ta novâhna a pie tyh ei.

Literary Criticism cha khâpa maw?

Literary criticism cha Hla nata bie achupasiana, a sôhna khopathliahna/reipatina nata chhopasiana a châ, tah sihla a chyusia chai thlyu na. Thokha ta cha a kawh viapa ta hla nata bie achupasiana *literary theory* nahta a lyupa ta ama reih tyh. A miano heta hla nata bie achupasiana rairie a châ nota, Literary Theory he cha a kawh viapa ta hla nata bie reipakawhna, achupasiana hawhta rei theipa a châ.

Khâpa ma Literary Criticism chata â chhuah?

Literary criticism ta â chhuahpa cha hlaphituhpa, châburohtuhpa, hlaphôh rohtuhpa kupuapa hla nata bie achupasia ta, chhopasia ta, a sôhna a vaw reihtuhpazy pahnothaisa awpa cha a châ. A bie zy pakhâta ta a reih khai tawhta, achupasiatuhpa (critic) chata hla nata bie cha achupasiana lâkao nano nanopa tawhta saipa ta, a kawh kawpa ta saipa ta achupasiapa ta, a vaw reihtuhpa pahnonazie nahta â chakhia thei awpa saizie chhao a thaohpapua tyh hra. He literary Criticism heta hla nata bie siepahliepa ta khizaw pawngiana nata akhiakhina a nyupa cha sai thai awpa ta miah a bao tyh.

Hla nata bie achupasiana liata saizie (approach) nano nanopazy liata alâluah viapazy :

1.Historical-biographical criticism:

 Historical-biographical hmâpa ta hla nata bie saizie liata cha hla nata bie eimâ chupasiapa rohtuhpa pahrâna daihti liata hmo ytuzie nata siezie saipâpa ta a hla nata bie cha achupasiapa a châ tyh. He saizie heta cha hla nata bie chata a daihti nota hmo siezie nata ytuzie khâchâ â chakaih, tahpa lâ tawhta achupasiana a siekhei tyh. Pamosana ta, Shakespeare kupuapazy kha pakhâta ta eima moh khiahta cha kô zabi 16 nata 17 na rachhôh liata English literature duasu â pahno thei.

 2.Moral-philosophical criticism:

He hawhpa literary criticism saizie heta cha hla nata bie liata chyhsapa maophaohna nata tovyuh sôhzie/sôhna a ziepa achupasiapa ta, palâsa â chhuah chai. Moral-philosophical lâ tawhta achupasiatuhpazy ta cha châbu, hlabie liata chyhsapa zyu nata arohtuhpa ta a kupuapa chhôh liata pachuna a ziepa nata a bie achhuahna amâ chupasia tyh.

3. Sociological criticism:

Sociological criticism ta cha hla nata bie amâ chupasiapa nata khihtlâh ta azaokhina ama hneipa lâ tawhta saina a siekhei tyh. He hawhpa achupasiana ta cha arohtuhpa khihtlâh liata a duasu nata, cha khihtlâh liata a pahrâpa, a bierohpa vaw reihtuhpazy chôta a bieropa ta rai a hriana dâh â chupasia. He achupasiana 'sociological criticism' liata hla nata bie saina chhaichhi hmâ a hlao kawpa cha *Marxist criticism* he châ ta, he saizie heta khihtlâh liata chyhsa khihsatôhtuna, duasu ahliena, hla nata bie amâ chupasiapa ta palâsa awpa â chhuahpazy ama thaohpapua thai kaw.

4. Psychoanalytic criticism:

He hawhpa _literary criticism_ heta cha hla nata bie amâ chupasiapa liata a châtuh chaipa (characters) zy palôhrupa khona, saduthliena' nata, palôhrupa lâta aphahlana ama hneipazy achupasia tyh ta. Psychoanalytic achupasiatuhpazy ta cha bierohtuhpa, hlaphituhpa, hlaphôhrohtuhpa chata a hla nata bie liana chata â theihlô leipa ta, â pahno lei chhôhta, â chhuahleipa pi ta a palôh chhôh chaipa liata bie a nyupa a zie tlamaw theipa hawhta ama pahno tyh.

5. Practical criticism

He hawhpa hmâpa ta achupasiatuhpazy ta cha hla nata bie amâ chupasiapa rai rai cha, a rohtuhpa, a rona daihti nata a rona su, a rona daihti liata hmo ytuzie, hmo a tlôpa khâpa hmahta saipâ leipa ta, a bieropa (text) ngâlâh pachâpa ta achupasia awpa cha amâ chhuahna a châ heih hra.

6. Formalism : Formalism hmâpa ta achupasiana ta cha hla nata bie liata reikah nata hla nata bie paryhparina kyh liata tlyma, hla nata bie hmâna kyh liata arohtuhpa thai patluana cha achupasia tyh ta. Literature châna hmeiseihpa, hla nata bie â ngia kawpa ta siekheina kyh liata arohtuhpa kuzôthaina cha a thaohpapua tyh.

7. Reader-response criticism:

Reader-response criticism ta cha hla nata bie rairai cha a vaw reihtuhpazy ta ama chyh-eihna dâh tlyma chhopasiana dâh cha achupasiana tluta peimawhpa a châ, tahpa he a châ. 

8.Feminist criticism :

He achupasiana he kô zabi 20 na daihti khophiepa rachhôh liata chanôzy duasu châta teina vaw puapa ta asapapuapa châ ta, he tawhna rakha heta achupasiatuhpazy ta hla nata bie liata chanô nata chapaw khopathliahna he am vaw siekhei pathao. He hawhpa achupasiana heta cha hla nata bie liata chanôzy duasu, tovyuh, chhichâna amâ chupasia via chai tyh.

Literary Criticism athôhnazy

He ary liatahpazy he hla nata bie pasipasuana (criticism) athôhna thokhazy cha a châ :

1. Literary criticism ta cha eima hmo saizie a pakawh. Literary criticism saizie nano nanopa hmâpa ta hla nata bie achupasiana chata, nâma nata na chheipâh hmozy cha pahnopasia via awpa nata pahnothai via awpa ta cha bao aw ta. Hla nata bie siekheizie nano nanopa zy chata nâma pachâna tawhta hmo saizie thaina a cha pie aw.

2. Literary criticism chata reihchà/hla nata bie (literature) pahnothai via awpa ta a cha bao aw. Literary criticism chata Phôhpa (Novel & short storie) nata hlaphôhzy pahnothai via heih awpa nata Khopathliah ta, panua thai awpa ta nata a sôhna patu thai awpa ta a cha bao aw.

3. Literary criticism heta châ rozie thiehpa hmâpapuana kyh liata a cha bao aw. Achupasiana nano nanopa nata saizie nano nanopa tawhta hmo saithaina  nata hla nata bie pahnothaina chata pachâna thiehpa, taozie thiehpa pahnopapuana kyh liata a cha bao aw.

Pachâna

Eima hla nata bie (Reihchâ) laiseih lymâ ta, hmah a sie lymâ n'awpa ta cha pasipasuana (criticism) meipaleihta eimâ hih awpa â ngiah ta; cha criticism meipaleihta liahsa hih ta, a pa-u khai hapa chhao ta pasiana a siepahlie hapa hla nata bie cha sôh pachaih ta, thlôh pachaih ta, kho â chhih kaw hra. 

Mara reihchâ a laiseih via lymâ thei n'awpa ta, 

"Literary Criticism* hmâpa ta eimâ Khopathliah bâ hr'aw u sy" 

eima tah ma, 

"Hâ via chy tua Suh u, eima riah eimâ pachhie khai aw"

eima tah ma? Kheita eima pachâ?