Article : Maraland Hmahsiena

Rohtuhpa : Jr.Beikhochhi, Singapore

Rohtuhpa : Jr Beikhochhi

"Hmahsiena ama tahpa cha dusaw kawpa ta hmialâ a sie laih lymâpa chavah miakha hawhpa nata,  Hnôhsyna yleipa ta a chhuahna su a tlôkheipa he a châ”

Khizaw liata eimâ râpasua haipa zydua he eima hrochhôh nie awpa vâta a châ chai. Eima tluana yzie alyu vei hrasala eima tluana chhâpa cha â lyu khai thlâh ha. Chavâta Khizaw chyhsa zydua ta âmo sasyh hmahsiena lâthlôh tlua ei ta, ama society hmahsie awpa nata ama company hmahsie awpa, khitlâh nata chipho hmahsie n'awpa ama tlua chyupa a châ. Chavâta he châpaw (article) roh awpa tovyuh liana heta eima chi nata pho liata hmahsiena thâtih roh awpa he ei chhuahpa a châ.                           

Hmasiena eima tahpa cha khizaw chyhsa zydua châta a peimawh chaipa, a liamarihpa nata thabypa a châ eima tah thei aw. Chavâta hnatlâh phapa râh nata sidiapa râh, thobina nata akho kawpa  tovyuh dopa hmônazy he eimâ ngiah ngaita kawpa a châ. Hmahsiena eima tahpa cha râh raihria kyh (Politics), Thobina (Economics) nata phupy sahlao (Society) tahpa nah zydua he a chhai thai awpa châ vei.

Hmahsiena tahpa he athaisopa hluhpizy ta ama vaw palâsana tawhta Mara sawzy châta hmâhphahnai via awpa atlypatlua laihpa ta ei vaw palâsa awpa.

Hmahsiena he chhopasiapa châ mawh sala - 

Sustainability Development (Hmahsiena thapatlôtuhpa): Hmahsiena tha patlô awpa nata hlao patlohsa tahpa yzie cha chyhsazy châta a peimawhpa hmoto zydua nata aryhna, diana, thlalôh a chhihpa chheihpâh taothaina hawhpazy cha eima sahlao chhôh liata pa-ysa thei lymâ awpa he a châ.  Pamosana : Khihpi Meeting, Phupy meeting hawhpazy liata daihtyna a y khiahta cha hmahsie vei tah theipa a châ. 

Integrated sustainability tahpa cha Method (yzie hnei kawpa ta hmotao awpazy cha chi hluhpi hmâpa ta zawpi sahlaozy nata phupy hawhpa zydua châta khokheina hnei awpa nata hlao patlohsa thei lymâ tahna a châ. Chavâta arylâ liata palâsapazy he chyhsa zydua châta  hmahsiena kyh liata peimawh ngaitapa chheihpâh hmohrohneipazy nata hriazie thaina chôta azaokhina phapa hnei awpazy a châ.

Chheihpâh hmodâh zydua yzie hneipa ta hmâthaina (Eviromental Usage system) :

Chyhsapa pahrâna o nata chheihpâh hmohrohneipazy, hmodâh hluhpi likah liata azaokhi thai awpa ta thazâh pietuhpazy cha yzie hnei kawpa ta mohôhna (Human ecology support system)

Avâpi kawh ngaitapa nata alei chô liata  khi-châhzy ananona yzie pahnopasiana (Planet’s climate change system)

Thokô rihkô chi pathla thaina, chi papôhsa thaina.

(Agro-Culture)

Lyutaona dâh dopa pahnopasiana.(Agriculture System)

Khaw(Se) hmâpa ta raihria papuanazie pahnopasiana (Industry System)

Tuhpi rahmâhpa ti nata tlâhzy yzie hnei kawpa ta mohôh thaina (Forestry System)

Sahrohzy mohôh khâsia dâh nata palydâh thaina (Domestic animal farm system)

Khizaw liata hmo yzie zydua alaichadai thai lymâna zy he a châ.

Hmodâh, hmobaoh tawta hmahsiena (The tool of Development)

Râh rakha a hmahsie nata hmahsie lei mopasiana a y vei khiahta cha hmahsiena lâthlôh hmôpasia hmeiseih thai'pa a châ leipa vâta chyhsa sopenawhzy ta chhaichhi nanopa hluhpi hmâpa ta thliena ama hnei lymâpa a châ. Chavâta hmahsiena liata hmochhiepa a vaw puakheipa hawhta, hmahsie leina liata chhao hmophapazy hmô theipa a châ hrana vâta khopathliah thaina awpa châta a rylâ liata (keypoint) khopathliana châbi palâsapa chi 6 zy mopazina eima hnei aw.

Traditional historical development background - Chyhsapa thâtih, chheihpâh hmahsiena nata sahlaozy maophaohna chhôh tawhta alaichadaina nata saipazina he Keypoint sâkhana châta hmâpa a châ.

Research method-Hmotao thaina zie tawta thliena he Key point sanona a châ.

Scale,weight-Chysapa kuzô thaina nata pawliti akhaina,thobina akiasâ ma?atlapahnai ma? Tapa chhakha nata chhakha chata thliena a châ.

Open every sourses of project : chysa chata apeimaw project zydua pahyna zawpi sahlao châta khatlu ta athona a y tapa thliena a cha.

Evaluate system – Hmoto zydua he thliena tao khaipa tawta nata reipati khaipa tawta thliena châbie(keypoint)

Feedback(Zawpi sahlao hnota hmo yzi pahnokho hmeisei a chhuana châbi(keypoint)zy he a cha.

Hmasiena châta pakhona: Development Model  châta pamosana awpa hlupi y ta Chhâkha nata chhâkha raihriana tawta hmasiena, athona, Achuna hawpazy liata athlana,A chaveikhia khizaw liata rah laipazy cha ama leilo phata duasu phapa liata apahrâpa ama châ tarawpa ta ama raihria theilâpazy hlupi atlâpahnaipa rah hlupi ama y. Tilaipi ta achadopa rahzy, pakhona ta Singapore râh hawpazy he a chho tawta apuapa chhao y vei. Chahrasala khizaw liata râh hmasie chaipa hryta ahlaopa a chathla haw. Khapa vâta cha hawta a châthai tapa Ama rah hneiro vei hrasala ama pahnona hneiro ta ahmâzie ama thaitupa vâta a châ thei ngyu aw. Chavâta  pamosana châta pahnothai viana châta eipalâsapa a châ. Maraland chhao khapa hmo apuapa y vei. Hmasiena liata chhâkha nata  chhâkha eima za moh pakhua tita chhâ athla laina ( apathlai laina) liata athla laipa (apathlai laipa) eima châ. Achhô tawta apuapa hmosohpa zawpi châta thobina (Business) hawpa chhao y vei. He vâta hmasiena eima chadai theileipa a châ awma? 

Pachâpazina liata hmasiena (development philosophy) chi 2 

“Stoics philosophy” liata eima hmotheipazy-

              Development Philosophy mokhao (eyes) pavâna hnei awpa. 

             Hmasiena châta pachâpazina  theory liata apahniepa ta âthupi pachâpazi awpa.  

Stoics theory: "Khazopa pahnona liata apahniepa eima châ khiatacha ahmeiseipa sona nata rah athlana(Pathlaina) nata hmasiena cha eima hmo thei aw"ama tah. 

“Plato philosophy” Plato ta cha, “Sona tawta hmasiena eima tao papua heityh. (reconstruction), "atah heihra. "Hmasiena châta pachâpazinazy he Hlano zu nahzy phoryhpa, Krizy phoryhpa chhô liata hmotheipa ama châ. (Khazopa pahno, Chi nata pho kyhpachâ,pabôsa, sasy duasu apahno)yzi duasu dopa hawta nata sasy achhithana nata hmophapazy zitheina, Pawlasi dâh nata phoryhpazy  chizana hneina cho ta râh tao awpa nata paduapathi awpa, pathie hei lyma awpazy he hmasiena châta pachâpazina Develoment philosophy liata hmo theipa cha a châ tapa ta  “ G.R Boy-Stones 2007 ta areihpa a châ.  

Zawpi sahlao hmasiena tapa cha Sasy athlana(apathlaina) liata apahnie ta Sasy  tiamana chhô liata thaby abôpa a châ. (base on your personal change is affective of society change in development)

Eima rah hmasiena châta Pachapazina (reflection) eima hneitheivianawpa châta he nawzy pachâna he buakha avaw hly tua eisi. 

(a) Evolution in ( story)  Sasy tiamana nata hriapasana tawta na khi na râh na panano aw. 

1. Intellectual  Sohna liata nâ thla ma, nâ thlaima? 

2. Technology liata khatluta apahno chita nâ thla? 

3. Na thaipacha (pratical experiment) khatluta na hmâthei? 

4. Na thaisona cha na hmâ tita khatluta chhôkha, khi nata râh(local, State tawta Nation)taita ananona a y ma, ânanona chho liata  khatlu ta e hmotaotheina thazâ ahnei tapa kha moh pasia pakhua lyma awpa a cha.  

(b) Ideologists and reality of Pragmatists: 

Ideologists zyta, "Khapa he hmophapa nata hmopha leipa a châ tapa pachâ kôzaw eita, Dawkâ chô liata a chhâpakhua lyma tyh," ama tah. 

Reality of Pragmatists zy, (Life is today but never to come tomorrow) "Atanoh eima tyhpa nata eima pahnopa cha hmotaona hmeiseipa ta palâsa awpa he apeimawh hmeiseipa a cha," ama ta hra. Jame ta, “Hmotaona ahlaoleipa  ngiapâna cha ngiapâna thipa a châ," atah heihra.( Jame 2:17) Hmo he ado tahpa pahno thlâha tlopa ta taoleipa nata reipasia leipa cha chipho hmasiena athitupa thohna chi chhipa châmai sâkha a cha. Eima chipho chhô liata, eima khisawzy hry liata tao awpa nata apachu awpazy pahno thlâ   tlo pita eimâ chali sai,pahnolei eima cha thlaha khiatacha   Chipho hmasiena athitupa eima cha lilaw thla ha hra aw. 

Thobina(business châta palipachhuna mokhaozy. (the concept of two economic eyes) Palipachhuna liata mokhao mianoh hnei ta cha zycha aryla hawta a cha. 

The concept of profit eye) Athona deita apachâ thlâ hapa palipachhuna, khaw (se) lâchhâ raihria hmasiena hmo taopapuana ama tao tita zawpi sahlao rairuna apie nata pieleikha pachâpazina hneithai ty vei ei. Athona hmothei awpa nata ama hneironawpa deita kha ama mohpa vata hehe chi achhipa hmasiena miakha a cha.   Tanoh chhâthie hmasiena ataopa phupyzy, chheipâ hmodah peimawh ngaitapa ta apachâpa Environmental Assessment Management zy ta cha, "Khothaileipa eita patuapalua awpa he apeimaw hmeiseipa a cha," ama tah. Eg. Chemical ahlaopa nie awpa beih chhotheina, Neuclear sezo. Tihathlopa taona, Thli papuapaleina sezo hawpazy he ama châ. 

Chysapa hnatlâna peimawh kawpa ta apachâpa hmasiena (The concept of integrated Social welfare Economic) Amianona cha phusa athona hlupi deita hmona châ leipa ta, zawpi sahlao hnatlâna apietupa hmasiena lâthlo atlua lyma typa palipachhuna mokhao a cha. (Chysapa hnatlâna, Zawpi hro liata hmasiena hawpazy he tha apatlo ngaita) Chavâta ama reipacha, " Chemical tawta hmotaopapuapa tawta niedo papuana thaza hmâpa maihe adyupa a cha. Eg. Pesticide hrilôpa thina thohna he hmaleipa ta chahrithei achhua awpa,(avyupa ta Liguid Carbon)Mikhu tawta avawpuapa ti hma awpa a cha. Chavâta eima palôrupa he achâna duasu hawtlaita pa ysa,papuasa kôzaw tapazy he Zawpi sahlao ahnatlapa nata hmasiepa lâthlô taokhei awpa he apeimaw chaipa a cha” a tah. 

Zawpi sahlao thla(apathlai) hmasiena (the development of social change) “Zawpi sahlao he sidiakawpa ta ythai leipa eita Chhâkha hno chhâkha athla lyma. Chahawta athlana(pananona) chhâpacha, Rah ryureina nata Thobinazy chô liata athari athlapa a châ,” tapa ta Sociologists zy ta ama reipa a cha. Zawpi sahlao he pahnona rairukawpa chhotawta kheihawta hmasiena lâta eima vaw panano(pathlai) tapa kha arylâ ta theory zy heta avawpalâsa. Chazycha hmophapa chho tawtama a cha? Chaveikhia hmophaleipa chhô tawta ma a châ tapa kha moh pasia ta Zawpi châta hnatlâphapa hmasiena lâ athlai theinawpa ta! Pachâna mania pietu awpazy châta arylâ ta Theoryzy he mohpa ta thlie theipa a châ. 

1. Evolution theory;

 2. Functionalist theory 

3. Conflict theory 

1 Evolution theory: Darwin ta cha, "Chysapa pihe eima vawpi pathao tawta hmasiena duasu asâhpa lâ apanano lai lymapa eima châ,” a tah. Ethnocentric nawhzy reizi tacha, “Chysapa eima kuzo thaina nata eima hrozinocha cha âthaona tawta akaw ngiavia lailyma," ata heihra. Keimo Marasaw, keimo khisawzy deikuapi hawti hrozi aphakawpazy he eima kawpitlo tawta chhieviana lâta eima kaw pangai kheityh. Hmasiepa chiphozy cha phana tawta phaviana la,phaviana tawta phachaina lâ tapa ta ama hro ama moho pasu lyma.

Augustin ta kô (1857) liata hehawta areihrapa cha, “Zawpi sahlao he a vâtlâ liata ama hrozi hawta keimo nata duasu chyuta hmasiena lâ apangai kheilymapa a châ,” atah. Dukhem reihzi tacha, unilinear evolution theorist” Zawpi sahlao atlâkhâ leipa chi hlupi chhô tawta athla lyma pata, chatacha a chhâlai ngyu aw atah.” a tah. Herbert speener tacha, ‘Chahri theileipa chho tawta zawpi sahlao hrona he keimo nata eima hneipa châna phorypa chyuta apathlai lyma ty," atah. Chavâta he Theory he ta apalâsapa cha kheihawpa hmozydua heta sidiakawpa ta y molo kho thaileipa eita ama pielyu lyma ta, athlapazy cha (Zawpi sahlao chho liata aphana nata achhiena miano likaw ta achariapa ta ama hmasie lyma). Marapasawzy nata eimakhisawzy

Zawpi sahlao chhao pita eima mohopa society chyu liata hmasiena hlupi eima hmopa chhô liata a chhiena nata aphana mia 2 likaw liata akaw laisei kho laipa ama châ hra.  Cha chhiena cha alei thei nawpa ta avaw puakheipa mia 2 liata phana a vaw puakheipa kha thapatlo vialyma awpa a châ.

Functionalist Theory:

Tecoft person (functionalist) pakha ta areihpa cha, “Zawpi sahlao cha châna duasu yzi alyupa ta ahmasie awpa apeimawh atah. Functionalist zy tah cha, “râh chhô liata raihriatuphapa, pahnokawpazy hlupi ama y tarawpa ta â tlâkha kawpa ta (equilibrium) ahmasie awpa  a peimawh” ama tah hei hrapa a châ.

Hmasiena cha “Raihria palâhâ thaina vâta châ ta thokha tacha TV,video,computer system technology)zy hmâna âsâhpa vâta a châ” ama tah hei hra.

“Race, mopho,(clan), eima châna duasu chyu, Gender chano chapaw pathluanahneileipa ta raihria kho chyupa vâta ahmasiepa a cha,” ama tah.

“Raihriatupa phupyzy ta eima  châna mâ(value) ahlaotlo theina cha society zawpi sahlao akhokawpa ta thazâ apakhy padaipa vâta a châ” atah hei hra.

“Hmasiena tahpa cha Sasy eima rai chyu liata (principle nata policy) sasy ryureina atao theina nata pawlasi zah chita yzie hneipa ta raihriatupa phupy zydua ta ama zi theipa vata thazâ alyukawpa ta ama hmasiepa a cha,” ama tah.

Conflict Theory: 

Zawpi sahlao cha ananona laikawpa nata nieparu doparu khona deita abiepa zawpi sahlao eima châ. (Antient)Khahlachhâ liata chyhsa hmo taothei viapazy ta chysa thazah dua viapazy cho liata nieparu doparu khona,( Feudalism) Râh hneitupa Abei ryureina chhâ liata zawpi sahlao nata  seizy cho liata nieparuna,(Capitalists) Athaby hneipa ta raihriatupazy cho liata  nieparunazy vata  raihriatupazy kholeina ama palâsana cha  Maythlapa 1 liata vaw pua ta he vâna heta chysa hlupi cha sidiakawpa ta ythei khaoleipa ei ta, Communism nata socialism hmasiena lâ ama pahly lyma,” tapa ta kô 1867 liata Karl Marx ta areih.

 

Bie pachhâsana : 

Marapa chipho hmasiena mania duakhâ typa nata chipho hropazy eima duasu eima khotheileina chhâpazy  cha eima palôphaozie he a châ. Achuna lâchhâ liata chipho hropazy kiana suhzy, nata sikuzy a chu hra awpa nata angia hra awpa ta eima palôrupa chho liata thaza papua thei mapi. Thobina(business) taopi ta heitaopa hawta taotheipazie ta tao awpa palorupa liata thazâ moho thei mapi. Marapa society eima mohona ky liata khatluta alaisei hai tapa eima thliena awpa keypoint zydua cha a cho lâ liata palâsa khai hawpa a châ. 

What we need development? Khapa vata hmasiena apeimawpa eima châ? Hmasiena cha chysa zydua châta mâ (value) a châ. Palôrupa,popa,thlapa tlânazy cha eima vaw pinoh tawta hmasiena lâthlô pasipi châtâ athaona a châ. Cha palôrupa tlâna chho lia ta Justice,(atlâkhana), Peace (adyna) Love (kyhpachana)zy he eima chipho chho liata a y awpa he apeimaw hmeiseipa a cha. Kheihawpa vata Hmasiena apeimawpa ei eima cha? 

Why we need to development) khapa rairuna eima ty? Eima hmasiena lâthlo liata mania pakhâtupa hmo he khapa a cha?Eima buana chaipa he eima pasia ma? Eima pahnopasia thei nawpa ta view point mia 3 sai kôzaw awpa eima peimaw ngai ta. Pawliti, thobina, zyna zyhe a cha. 

How shall we do our people's development?Tapa he pachâ sila, Araokhana, Unity chota eima Chipho society chhitha sila, Chysa ta aparu thaileipa cha sona deita he a châpa vata Avawpi lai lyma awpa chhâsawzy nata achuna atlua thei awpa zydua Khazopa tawta sona novâna eima hmo theina awpa ta a chuna chhôlâ angia lyma chyu sila,Thyutliasaw zydua chhao ta achu thaipa mai a chu sila, achu haipazy chhao chipho hmasiena ataotu awpazy ama cha tapa mothlawpa liata saipazina hneina chota  ei bie eipachhâsa. 

Khazopa ta Maraland nata Marasaw zydua Byhna pie maw sy.