Article : Puhpa B.Tekô (L) Hla "Eima chareina tlâh" achupasiana

(A Critical Analysis of B.Tekô’s ‘Eima chareina tlâh’)

- Rohtuhpa : Robert B.Syuhlô, Siaha

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1.Eima chareina tlâhzy ei sai châhta,

Hy kei deita lôhhiah hrei laihna;

Vâsâh lôhhiah hreina dei he na,

Rairao keima ei tovyuh a vaw châ.

Na taokhei la vâsâh ei chana,

Nâ leita khiahlôh tlâh thei vana;

Hnazô vâti hria chyu lei nô y,

Khiahlô tlâhna na pie la.

2. Hly-âh vati hriatuh Hlichhy hawhta,

Na thângiah raithlih palo laihna;

Yru chôthlapinô hra khita,

Rairao lôhtlâhna na pie thei tlô vâ.

3. Lailâh hrozy lôhdu chhôhno ry lia,

Khiahlô tlâhna lyuhbie za reih ei;

Kei rairao lyuhbie hlâna deita,

Yru chôthlapinô khi a vaw châ.

4. Hnazô chyu thei lei vâsâh ei chana,

Syhnaihna Opivaw ei sai châh;

Chhôhso vâsâhna tao tiah vana

Na taokhei la rairao lôhtlâh n’awpa.

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Puhpa B.Tekô (L) nohthlahpa

I.Biehmia :

Literature saina opy nano nanopa tawhta nata achupasiana hnawh nano nanopa tawhta, Bie nata hla nano nanopa khopathliahna nata, achakhiehcharieh kawpa ta bie nata hla achupasiana/pasipasuana, ‘Literary Theory’ miakha, ‘Death of the Author Theory’ tahpa za y ta, he hawhpa hmâpa ta Bie nata hla saipakawhna/achupasiana liata cha, Hla rai rai, a phituhpa châna nata hmo a vaw tyhpazy a hlykheina lâchhâh aheihpa hmo zydua phie paso khai hapa ta, a HLA deitabkha a kawh thei chaina hawhta achupasiana chata, a hla sôhna kha athata papôh thei ta, cheihchalo thei ta, a phituhpa/rohtuhpa ta a tlô theipa hlâta â sâh via syulyupa, kha hla khata a tlô thei, tahpa a châ. Atanohta eima rei awpa, Puhpa B.Tekô hla chhao he, he hawhpa hmâpa ta eimâ chupasia awpa â ngiahna rakha za y aw ta; a phituhpa deikua alâluah chaipa, a liamarihpa a totuhpa a châ ngâthlâh ha pyly aw.

Marapa ta a vaw pihpa hryta, hla hmâpa ta râh a la pakawh chaipa pakha nata, bie nata hla hmotaotheina thaoh papua ta, Marapa palôh pachâna khizaw tawhta hla nata bie padua ta, Mara kawpa ta lôhliena pathyu theipa hla nata bie hmâpa ta hla vâro tlai miah siesaituhpa tah thei awpa, a hla nata bie zy ta Marapa khizaw kaw laiseih lymâ awpa liata bie reih via lymâ awpa hryta chyhsa pakha a châ hrapa, Puhpa B.Tekô hlazy he athata achu khi nata, alaichadai khi a châpa ta ei pahno. Hlaphituhpa nano nanopazy heta, ama palôh pachâna chhôhmarupa biepakhôpa tawhta hla hmâpa ta kaw awhpapua tyh ei ta, a châhta cha a byuhna nata â ngiahna ta a tuah raruah ha tyhpa vâ ei ta ama kaw phi tyh hra. Thokha heihta, a chhâpa nata a vâpa y hlei ta nata, palôhrupa biepakhôpa vâta chhao châ hlei leipa ta ama phi thlâh ha tyh hra. Puhpa B.Tekô chhao he he hawhta hla a phina chhâpa he kyh nano nanopa y thei aw ta, a châhta cha ano liata lôhliena a ypa vâta zy, a pachâna palôhrupa liata a paveihpa a kaw biepakhô tu hapa vâta zy nata, chyhsa hropazy ta hla phi awpa ta amâ hawpa vâta a phipa zy chhao a za y tyh hra aw. A hla zydua he, chyhsa pachâna â lyu leipa hawhta nata, eima palôh a liena nata, paveihpa â lyu leipa hawhta, a phapakipa sai a châ, la tah ngâh leipa na ta, anodeikuala, Marapa hla nata bie/Reihchâ (Literature) khizaw tobi ta, parônahsatuhpa hryta awhsi khaih kawpa pakha a châ, tah leithei vana.

II. Hlaphituhpa Puhpa B.Tekô thâtih chyupa

II.I A pina nata laiseihna :

Puhpa B.Tekô he târi 10, Phiapi, 1945-pa khata Puhpa B.Thlâthâ (L) nata Pihnô TT Pawki (L)-zy sawchapaw châ awpa ta Zyhno khih liata vaw pih ta. Puhpa B.Tekô hawti nona heta a paw ta vâduachhih kawpa ta â pahâsai hapa vâta achuna a sâh viapa chhao pazao thei leipa ta, achuna liata cha Py 3 taih deita â vaw chu. Â pahniehna chaipa tah thei awpa a paw a y khao leipa vâta, a nô ta nôhmeikheipa ta, noh nata daihti a vaw pakhô tyh hrapa a châ. Kô 1968, Pachawh thlâpâ liana khata Pihnô VT Sange nahta ahneipa ta, sawchapaw papalih ama hnei. Vâduachhih kawpa ta Puhpa B.Tekô he pasana nôchhie kawpa, ‘Cancer’ pasana vâta kô 2017, 15 Hmypi thla liana khata Siaha Thohna-O liata mohôhpa vaw châ ta, Siaha Thohna-O liata thla kha chhôh tlai mohôhpa a châ tawhta târi 31, Pamih 2017-pa khata â vaw pahâ hapa a châ. 

Puhpa B.Tekô he Marapa hryta Hlapy chhihthatuhpa (Conductor) a châ parei chaipa a châ thlyu aw, tah thei awpa ta, Hlapy chhihthana rai he kô 1968 tawhta kô 2005 taihta a vaw hria.

II.II A hla phi pathaona :

Puhpa B.Tekô heta kheihawhpa hla ma phi tuachai ta, kheihawhpa lâchhâh aheihpa hla ma a rohpapua tua chai, tahpa he pahno thei’pa châ khao leipa ta; anodeikua a thâtih a rakhapa ei laichadaina tawhta ei pahno theipa cha, kô 1963 liana khata a hla hmiatua chaipa a phipa hawhta pahnopa châ ta; he a hla hmiatua chaipa he ‘Vâ-iana hla’ (Love song) châ ta, a hla moh deikua pahno theipa châ vei.

Puhpa B.Tekô heta thyudyu hro â kaw theihlô pathao no tawhta pyungiapa (Music) kaw pahâh pathaopa ta, pyungiapa chata a hro liata thlai biehneina topa ta, pyungiapa khizaw liata a pachiepa ta, a pahâh chaipa a châ hra. Pyungiapa chhaichhi chi nano nanopa a hria thai khai hleikhôta, hlâno Marapa pyungiapa chhaichhi (Mara Musical Instruments)-zy chhao tô/hria thai kaw ta. Kô 1985 liata Tipâ Khihpi liata ‘Mara Cultural Meet hmiatua chaipa’, MTP Gen.HQ pachhuahpanohta hneipa liata, Mara pyungia chhaichhi miakha, ‘ÔHKARAO TOTÂ’ tôpa ta, zawpi a vaw palôhpahawh hapa a châ.

Pyungiapa khizaw liata a tlaitlao chhôh khata Marapa châta hla pha kawpa, Mara Literature châta ryusôhpa a tlohpa  -Reithaina hla (Gospel) 149, Râh thapasana hla 5 rachhôh nata Vâ-iana Hla (Love song) 30 hlei tlai a phi hmâ. Hla nata bie dei châ leipa ta, atahmâhlâ ta Mara Lâ a ngia kawpa, ‘Hlichhy nata Hly-âh Lâ’ eima tahpa, lâ a ngia kawpa nata lôhliena pathyu kawpa phituhpa hry liata â hlao hrapa ta reipa a châ. He hawhta a châ nona heta, a hlaphi tuachaipa deikua pahno theipa châ khao vei.

II.III A hla phina dâh tlâhpipa :

Puhpa B.Tekô he lôhliena a hnei kawpa chyhsa a châpa hleikhôta, hmo a zohna lâta a sai tyhpa (Pessimist) tah thei awpa châ ta; kô 1985, Phiapi noh 15 Phiapi noh 15 liata a kyhpachâ ngaitapa, a lahpinô Pihnô VT Sange ta â pahâsai tawhta chhochhi cha lôhliena he a la pasa via pachaih heihpa ta ano a pahnopasiatuhpazy ta cha ama reih. Vâ-iana hla a phipazy â lâluah kaw nota, reithaina hla a phipa hryta Vârâh vâna hla a phipazy chhao he no rachhôh heta a phi hluh pachaihpa hawhta a thâtih reihtuhpa zy ta ama rei. Reithaina hla a phipazy he a hluh chaipa cha ‘Krizyhpa Hro’ lâchhâh a heihpa a châ nota, vârâh vâna, mâchhiesana hla chhao a phi hluh kaw hra. 

Hlaphithai awpa tlaita Taotuhpa ta a paduapa a châ tah thei awpa ta hlaphip anaosa kaw ta; nawh hâpa ta zy hla he a phi thlâh ha tyh. He hleikhôna heta, chyhsa ta hlaphi awpa ta amâ vaw haw châh heta a nao kawpa ta tlâ a vaw phipa tyh hra ei.

Puhpa B.Tekô heta hla nano nanopa 200 daihmâ phi ta, he hry liana heta Reithaina hla phi hluh chai ta. A hlaphipa hry liana heta reithaina hla hleikhôta, vâiana hla 30 rachhôh phi ta, he hryta hla thokhazy heta pahno hlao ta, â lâluah kaw tah thei awpa a châ. A hlazy he Mara kaw ta, Marapa pachâna chhôhso dopa tawhta phi papuapa hla, tahpa â hno kaw tyh. He he Puhpa B.Tekô hlazy ama za sôh pachaihna nata, Marapa palôh a pahnie pachaihna chhao eima tah thei aw. Mara Literature châta hlabie khochhih kawpa nata a ngia kawpa hmâpa ta a hlazy a paryhparipa heta, Mara reih khochhihna nata pawngiana a thaoh papua kaw hra. Mara reih he, palôh pahnie pachaih thei awpa ta tobi thai ta; a hlabie paryhna dâh nata a hla chhôh liata bie a hmâpazy he, lôhliena a hnei theipa, chhaolei manôh dahdie kawpazy châta cha, pavawzy ta vawdia ama khôkhâh thei leipa hawhta â chiehpa ta, lôhliena ta a taola hapazy chhôhso ta a khôkhâh thei rimâ lei awpa ta hlabie â ngia chaipazy ta tobipa ta, tlokhuh miah a patu ha tyh.

III. ‘Eima chareina tlâh’ hlabie tlâhpipa

Puhpa B.Tekô heta hla chi nano nanopa – Vâ-iana hla, Râh thapasana hla, Reithaina hla zy vaw phi ta. Palâsa hapa hawhta, lôhliena palôh biepakhôpa tawhta a hla kaw phipa hryta ‘Eima chareina tlâh’ tahpa hla heta, ano mopakha chyhsa châna, chyhsa palôh a lie thei kawpa nata, kyhpachâna a lapasa kawpa, sasyh duasu liahsa â pahnopasia tawhta mohropa duasu kaw sai tyhpa, hmo a khaihna lâ hlâta a zohnazie ta a sai thaipa a châna palâsa ta; he a hla heta Mara khihtlâh liata khihsatôhtuna a hliena vâta, chyhsapa, Khazohpa ta ano lyupa ta miah a taona â lâna, eima chyhsa châna hryta rônah chaipa, ‘Kyhpachâna tlai chhao a châhta cha a dahdieh kaw tyhnazie’ palâsa kaw hra.

He hlaphituhpa heta, palôhlie chhâna vâta palôh biepakhôna tawhta a hla kaw phipa hryta ‘Eima chareina tlâh’ tahpa hla heta, ano mopakha chyhsa châna, satlia laihsa, a vâ-iana kyh liata satlia nata laihsa likah liata kyhpachâna a la pasa kawpa chyhsa a châna, palôh â lie thei kawpa nata, chyhsapa, khizaw liata paduapa ta eima kaw y tawhta miah pabua chaituhpa, machhyu-mahrâpa tawhta dahdieh chaipazy chhao ta khâ amâ vaw hihkhei tyhpa, ‘Kyhpachâna’ la pasa kawpa, kyhpachâna theisâlô ta hmahzôh ei hluh a pie hapa chyhsa a châna a hla hmâpa heta a phuah pasia thai kaw. Kyhpachâna vâta a viavina noh nata daihtizy cha, Taotuhpa ryraozie a châ ha tarawpa ta, a tao thei chhôhpa, saduthliena tawhta saipa ta, a saduthliena khizaw tawhta a kohki thei leipa khizaw cha kohki â chhuahpa ta, bie nata hla a ngia kawpa hmâpa ta daihti khô chiehpa cha aw pakhua â chhuah hapa a châ.

He hla heta a heihna lâ nata rei awpa â chhuahpa hnei ta, cha cha a hlabie a paryhna dâh a ngia kawpa zy nata, a hlabie hmâpazy heta a chhopasia thai kaw.

He hla heta chyhsapazy he he khizaw liata mopakha deita y ta, charei ta, daihti pakhôsa awpa ta paduapa eima châ leinazie zy, thyudyu phana daihti chyuzie zy, Taotuhpa ta chyhsapa a tao pa-eihziezy nata, kyhpachâna hmotaotheiziezy a phuahluah pasia ngaita kaw. A hlabie paryhna dâh a ngia kawpazy vâta nata, a hlabie to liata Marareih khochhihna nata pawngiana a thaoh thai tu hapa vâna heta, he hla heta â chhuahna hawhta, chyhsapa ta ‘eima kohki thei leipa daihti khô chiehpa vâna’, a chyunazie ta ‘Lôhliena khizaw’ thlaita miah chahryh khei pâ ha tyh.

Hlaphituhpa heta, a khizaw noh nata daihti hmâkheituh awpa nata, khizaw thiehpa paduapa ta, hrochhôh â kaolâhkhei awpa ta a vaw pachâpa, kyh a pachâ ngaitapa chanô pakha, a vâ-ia kawpa nahta ama likah liata khôkhâh thai rimâ lei awpa, achhaihna vâta lôhkhoh bie chhao paryh thei khao leipa ta, lôhraoh kawpa ta ama chareikhohna daihtizy cha za rohpadypa ta; cha hawhpa daihti khô chiehpa vâna chata ano liata athata lôhliena vaw pathyupa ta, a kohki thei leipa daihti vâta yruna a taopa cha nyu thei rimâ khao vei! A vâ-iapa vâna nata a kiah liata daihti hmâh pakhua heih awpa a tlaichhaina chata ama charei tyhna su nata, amâ vaw kao khoh tyhna suzy chahryh pakhua heih awpa ta tuah pa ta, lôhliena vâta vâsâhna palôh keichheihpa, palôh pasana chata ‘Eima charei tyhna, nâma nahta eima vaw charei tyhna suzy chahryhpa ta, keima deita ei chavâ tuna vâta palôh pasa kawpa ta daihti hmâh tyh na ta, za tahpa ta; Châhrasala, a chalihsa thei leipa daihti ta cha amâ lyna noh zydua cha a khôkhei ha ei, tahpa a pahnopapua ha heihpa vâta nata, a pachâna khizaw tawhta rohpadypa deita cha a tovyuh a châ ha bâ, tahpa a pahnopa vâta, ama daihti khô chiehpazy rohpadypa nata, cha daihti khô chiehpa vâpa ta daihti hmâpa deita cha a tao thei chhôhpa, a palôh â patlâhna a y chhôhpa a châ hanazie a hla châh 1-na liana heta eima za hmô.

A chaneina liata, noza hmiachhiepa chhao pachâ khao leipa ta, ano liata kyhpachâna a ypa chata a tlaichhai kawpa, kyh a pachâ kawpa a vâ-ianô cha, ano vâta lôhliena nata, palôh pasa kawpa ta daihti a hmâh tyhna tawhtapa cha lapapuapa ta, â lyna nata a palôhtlâhna a y chhôhpa cha, anodeita na a châ, tahpa ta, kyhpachâna vâta pasa a taona zydua tawhta pachhapapua theituhpa a y chhôhpa cha anodeita na a châ tahpa ta, ‘Nâma ngâlâhta na palôhtlâhna, alyna kipa na pie thei chi’ za tahpa ta, châhrasala, he a vâ-ianô he, Chhithaina nata, (khihsa-tôhtunazy liata chhao a za châ thei aw) â phuhlei kawpa hawhta a zâ pahno ta, kyhpachâna achhypalie awpa ta â hnaw kaw nota deikua, he ama likah liata a lyuleina a ypa heta ano liata a mo pahnaina a hneipâ khiahma i, tah thei awpa ta a panawhna reikah deikua za zie leithei vei.

A hla châh 2-na liata, Mara vâ-iana hla hluh viapa tah thei awpa liata khâ eima hmô zôzawpa, pakhona hlabie, ‘Hlichhy nata Hly-âh’ hmâpa ta hlaphituhpa ta a vâ-ianô nahta ama likah duasu a za phuahluahna, thai kawpa ta a za paryhparipa hmô heih pi ta. Hly-âh khotuhpa, Hly-âh vâ-iatuhpa, Hlichhy duasu liata a duahpa hawhta ano cha a zâ sohpa ta, kyhpachâna vâta pasa a taona, a viavina zydua cha Hlichhy ta Hly-âh a vâ-iapa vâta vâsâh a taona zydua nahta za pakhopâpa ta, a vâ-iapa a vâna nata, a kiah liata daihti hmâ awpa a tlaichhaina chata ano liata lôhliena a ypa zydua thaoh papuapa ta, lôhliena nata vâna vâta yru kawpa ta daihti hmâh tyh ta; ano hawhta yru kawpa nata matla kawpa ta a y tyh hrapa, Thlâpâ, lôhlie vâsâhna ataopazy viasa ama tah tyhpa vaw khaihpa chhao chata, a yruna cha tlao parusa viapa ta, a lôhliena cha tlao pathyu via ta; lôhliena vâta mothlih deita a pathlasa via rili, tahpa ta a za reih heih.

Chyhsapa he, duasu chhiepa nata, duasu pha leipa liata eimâ duah châhta tlyma cha, mohropazy duasu nata eima duasuzy he pakhopâ awpa vaw nao kaw tyh ta; he he satlia nata laihsa a vâ-iana khizaw liata chhao â lâpasia kaw. He he he hlaphituhpa heta a hlâ châh 3-na liana heta hlabie a ngia kawpa nata, â paryhparina dâh a ngia kawpa ta za phuahluahpa ta, mohropa, â khohpa hropazy nata, a viasa, khopa a hneipazy cha ama khonô khopawzy chhaota palôh a raoh kawpa ta nata, atlaichhai kawpa ta chareikhohpa ta, ama likah kyhpachâna cha â ngia kawpa ta papawhsa ei ta, za tahpa ta, a duasu tawhta mohropazy duasu a uahvana za palâsa ta; ama duasu nata ano duasu za pakhopâpa ta, âmo hawhta y awpa a tlaichhai hranazie hryta, anodeita ta a lôhliena taopa ta, a vâ-ianô a vâna nata a tlaichhaina bâhta chhâta pazie-ysa via theituh awpa hawhta a vaw pachâpa, ‘Thlâpâ vawpa’ tlai chhao cha, a palôh a liena nata, a yruna palâsa viatuhpa a chânazie a za phuahluah heih.

A hla châh 4-na liata, a lôhliena nata kyhpachâna vâta yruna nata vâsâhna, palôhpasana a taopa ta a hro rie a patheizie za phuahluahpa ta, a vâ-ianô cha duasu alyuleina vâta ma a châ ma, hmo hropa vâta ma a châ ma, ama chareikhoh, ama ykhoh thei lei awpa vâta a vâ â sâhzie za reihpa ta, lôhliena vâta noh nata daihti a pakhôsana, ama O tlai chhao cha, ano châta cha lôhliena pathyu via hei tyhtuhpa, vâsâhna pie via heihtuhpa a chânazie za reihpa ta; a vâ-ianô cha, ano a tlaichhaina vâta a palôh â liena nata, a yruna khizaw liata mothlih chhaota daihti a hmâna tawhtapa lapapua ta, cha hawhpa zydua tawhta palôhtlâhna pie awpa ta a awsao ha heihpa a châ.

IV. Hla Rureih (Structure) :

He hla he Mara Lôhliena Hla (Sentimental Song) hryta cha, ‘Ballad’ hawh tlupo ta rei thei awpa ta naizualuahpa nata, dusaw-ngaisawpa ta a siepa, kyhpachâna vâta palôh keichheina tawhta hla a kaw puapa châ ta. Hla siezie chi nano nanopa hryta he hla he cha ‘Narrative Structure’ ta phipa nata ropa hawhta a pyh theipa a châ aw. He hawhpa hla he cha hlabie â zaokhina dâh, a lona dâh (flow) pha ta, â patupakei pha ta, châh khana tawhta châh palihna taihta lâ hro rai tlei leipa ta, bâlia hawhta â kaw pazapazina dâh â icha pha kaw ta, lâ hropa rai tlei leipa ta, a hla liahmaripa kha achhâna taihta a zi lymâ tyh.

V. Hla nata bie chhaichhi hmâpa (Poetical devices/ literary devices) : 

He hla, ‘Eima chareina tlâh’ tahpa liana heta a bie ta chyhsa palôh a khai via theinabawpa ta nata, a hlabie a tiah via theina awpa ta reikah chhaichhi, hla nata bie chhaichhi, hla nata bie eihhrâhpa (Poetical devices/literary devices) nano nanopa hmô awpa y hôlô ta. Cha hry liana chata Imagery, Personification, simile, nata hyperbole hawhta pachâ thei awpa vâro tlai â zie.

A hla châh 1-na,

Eima chareina tlâhzy ei sai châhta,

Hy kei deita lôhhiah hrei laihna

tahpa liana heta thai kawpa ta ‘Imagery’ za hmâh ta; he hla vaw reihtuhpa/satuhpa/nahthlietuhpazy mothlaw liata eima za hmô pâ thei awpa, ama chareikhohna su awpa hawhta pachâpady thei awpa ta mothlaw liata a zâ lâ ta; chyhsa hluhpi châta chhao a hlabie tawhna heta he hawhpa su awpa hawhta eima pachâpady thei awpa eima za patuapalua thei pâ ha awpa ta hlabie a za paryh.

A hla châh 2-na,

Hly-âh vâti hriatuh Hlichhy hawhta,

Na thângiah raithlih palo laihna

tahpa tlâh liana heta, Mara hlabie liata pakhopâna (Simile) hmâ a hlao kawpa, ‘simile’ a lâluah kawpa, ‘Hlichhy nata Hly-âh’ za hmâh ta, a hla a paryhna dâh â supa vâta a hlabie nahta â hmie kaw.

A hla châh 3-na,

Yru chôthlapinô hra khita,

Rairao lôhtlâhna na pie thei tlô vâ

tahpa tlâh liana heta, ‘Personification’ thai kawpa ta a za ziepa za hmô heih pi ta; Thlâpâ (Chôthlapinô) cha chyhsapa hawhta pachâsapa ta, yru kawpa ta a ypa hawhta a za palâsa heih hra.

He dei châ leipa ta, a hla liana heta parawpachawna (Hyperbole) reikah, a hlasiezie pabua tlôh leipa ta, a hla ta hmotaotheina a hnei via theina awpa ta a za zie thai kaw. A hla châh 1-na nata châh 4-na liata ‘Vâsâhna’ tahpa bie a za ziepa he, ‘parawpachawna’ (Hyperbole) hawhta pachâ theipa a châ.

He hla liana heta ‘Satlia nata laihsa likah a vâ-iana’ hmâpa ta kyhpachâna ta chyhsapa liata rai a hriana dâh nano nanopa palâsa ta, he zydua heta ‘Kyhpachâna yzie’ a pahlypaki khai hapa vâta ‘synecdoche’ chhao a hmâh hra, eima tah thei aw.

‘Synecdoche’ eima tahpa cha, ‘Hmo miakha pahlypakipa reina awpa ta a pachiahpabhmo tlyma eima kei zie tyhpa’ he a châ.

He dei châ leipa ta, he hla phituhpa a thai patlua kawna cha, a hlabie liata bie a hmâ ha chiehpa, a hla tlâh hropa liata a hmâh chanei heihpa chhaota a hla siezie pabua hlei leipa ta, a hla châta thatlôna nata, hmotaotheina a pie via rili theina he a châ thlyu aw. He hla liana heta ‘Repetition’ tah thei awpa, hlabie hmâ chaneipa za y ta – hla châh 2-na nata châh 3-na liata ‘Yru chôthlapinô’ tahpa hlabie he za hmâh rairie ta, he hawhta hlabie a hmâ chaneipa he ‘Repetition’ eima tahpa cha a châ.

He hla liata hmo ngiatlâh a châ kawpa, he hlaphituhpa a thai patlua kawna palâsatuhpa tah thei awpa cha, hlabie yzie miakha a hneipa, reina dâh nanopa a hneipa hmâpa ta thai kawpa ta hlabie a paryh thaipa he a châ. Cha cha a hla châh 3-na nata châh 4-na liata ‘O’ reina châta bie miano a hmâpa – ‘Chhôhno’ nata ‘Syhnaihna Opivaw’ tahpa ta thai kawpa ta a za ziepa he châ ta; he hlabie miano deita chhao heta hmahta he hla he Mara Literature châta a pasôhsa via pachaih heih.

VI. Criticism :

Pasipasuana (criticism) mobaina tawhta saipa ta, a chakhiehcharieh kawpa ta he hla he eimâ chupasia khiahta cha, a pha patluana nata, kho â khi-âhleina cha ‘pha pakipa y leina khizaw’ liana heta eima hmô cheingei aw. Chahawhta a châ nota deikua, he hla he a tlâhpipa ta mopa ta nata, saipa ta cha hla pha kawpa, ‘Mara Literature’ châta bie a ngiapa nata ngiatlâh a châpa vâro tlai yna, ‘Literary value’ a sâh kawpa a hneipa, hla chyuta châ tlôh ta, Mara Literature khochhihna nata pawngiana â chakaih hluhkaw tlôhpa a châpa hla a châ.

Atlâhpipa ta hlaphituhpazy heta ama hlaphipazy he âmo hro ta â tyhpa tawhta ama phipa, palôh liahmaripa tawhta hlabie a lohpapuapa tawhta hla ama phipa a y nota, âmo ta amâ tyhpa a châ hlei leipa, mohropa ta ama paphisapazy a y tyh hrapa vâta, ama hla zydua he “a pha,” eima tahpa nata, “pha vei” eima tahpa he y leithei aw vei. Cha hleikhôta, ama palôh liahmaripa tawhta, lôhlie vâsâhna tawhta a lohpapuapa hla ama phipa hryta thokhazy he cha ‘Achakhiehcharieh kawpa ta pasipasua (Critical kawpa ta)’ a khie thei lei awpa chibchhao a y hra thlyu aw.

Hla he cha hla a châ hapa vâta a hlabie ama paryhna dâhzy, a bie â chakaihpazy nata a ‘grammatical’ lâ tawhta sai awpa he a ryh khai tyh leipa ta, anodeikua chahawhpa lâ tawhta a sai khohpazy châta â ryh leina za y pyly heih hra vei. Cha raohpa ta hla he cha a vaw nahthlietuhpa/theituhpa palôh pahnie thei ta, a phituhpa palôhrupa hawhta eima palôhrupa liata rai a hria thei khiahta cha hla phapa tahpa ta rei theipa a châ. Hlâno via daihti liata ama hlabiezy kha atahmâ chhâsawzy heta nahthlie ei sihla, eima palôh pahnie leipa a hluh kaw aw; anodeikua, ama phi daihti nota hlabie ama hmâpazy kha a daihti nahta a hmiepa a châpa vâta, ama phina daihti liata a ypazy châta deikua khahawhpa hla hleikhôta a ngia viapa hla hropa kha y khao thlyu aw vei. 

He hawhta a châpa vâna heta hla phapa nata hla pha leipa, tahpa ta panuana he tao thai awpa a châ leina kao y ta; a vaw nahthlietuhpa/theituhpa palôh liata rai a hriana dâh tawhta deita panua theipa a châ thlyu aw.

Puhpa B.Tekô he hlaphi thai patluapa a châ tahpa cha, a hlabie hmâpa naizualuah kawpa, â patupakei pha kaw tlôhpa, a hla liata hla nata bie chhaichhi (Poetical devices/Literary devices) zy ziepa ta, a hlabie paryhna dâh patypamâ hlei leipa ta tlao a hla tobituhpa lâta a hmâh theipa heta palâsa ta. Hla pasihpa a châ leipa chhôh liata reikah ngiapa nata, Mara Literature khochhihna vâro tlai ziepa ta, a hmâh thei thlâh hapa he a rônah hmeiseih.

A chakhiehcharieh kawpa ta he hla eimâ zâ chupasia nota kho a khi leina a y pa deikua cha, a hla liana heta ‘Hla nata bie chhaichhi, a hla vaw nahthlietuhpazy/theituhpazy palôh liata rai a hria pathuh via theina awpa ta a hmâpa, Poetical Devices/Literary Devices a hmâh daidao hapa cha, khazia ma yzie hnei viapa ta nata, â paryhna awpa su liata a hmâh vei tly?’ tahpa hiahrihna deikua palôh liata za y ta. Pamosana châta, ‘Repetition’ a hmâpa, ‘Yru chôthlapinô’ tahpazy he hla châh a lyupa liata hmâh chanei ha sala, a hla he â zâ ngia via heih tlai aw. 

Châhrasala, hlaphituhpazy heta, ama hla liata ‘Poetical devices/literary devices’ nano nanopa ama hmâpazy he, ‘Cha hawhpa chana ei hmâh, ei hlabie liata cha hawhpa cha na ei zie’ tahpa pahno lei chhao ama y pathlei thei pyly hra. Noh kha noh liata ama hlazy cha achupasiana mokhaoh tawhta panuana nano nanopa ta panuapa ta, khopathliahpa a châ aw, tahpa pachâna hnei chhieliepa ta hla a phipa ama châ lei awpa vâta, ama thaina he rônah ta, za a chhih ta; Mara Literature châta ama ryuhipa he Mara khizaw heta my khao aw vei.

VII. Biepachhâna :

He hla he ‘Hlaphôh (Poem)’ hawhta pyungiapa a zie leipa ta a reih ta reipa a vaw châ hapa chhao ta, a hlabie a ngia kawpazy vâta nata, a hlabie liata hmotaotheina a ziepazy vâna heta ‘Hlaphôh’ pha kawpa a châ pyly na ta ei pangiasa.

PB Shelley ta, “Our Sweetest songs are those that tells of saddest thought” a vaw tahpa, “Eima chhôhsô liahmaripa liata vâsâhna lyuhbie a nyupa a phuahluahtuhpa he na lôhliena hla khochhih chaipazy cha a vaw châ ha tyh” a tahpa hawhta, Puhpa B.Tekô hla, ‘Eima chareina tlâh’ tahpa he vâsâhna chhôhso liahmaripa tawhta hla a kaw puapa, chyhsa hluhpi châta hna amâ pangâhna hla ac hâ tlôhpa a châ hrapa a châ.

Mara hla rônahpa hryta a hlao tlâhpa châ ta, Puhpa J.Vialua Hla, ‘Âvyuh chiahchi’ - zy nahta he hla he cha, Mara Hla nata Bie Opi liata, tyuhmo a ryh chaipa nata pha chaipa topa ta, Mara Hla nata Bie ta hu a so chhôhta cha Mara Hla nata Bie châta ziza pathaihpa, ‘Hla ryutlohpa’ a châ lymâ thlyu tlai aw..